वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-53, verse-50

विपुलपरिघवान् स कुम्भकर्णो रिपुनिधनाय विनिःसृतो महात्मा ।
कपि गणभयमाददत् सुभीमं प्रभुरिव किंकरदण्डवान्युगान्ते ॥५०॥

50. vipulaparighavān sa kumbhakarṇo ripunidhanāya viniḥsṛto mahātmā ,
kapi gaṇabhayamādadat subhīmaṃ prabhuriva kiṃkaradaṇḍavānyugānte.

50. vipulaparighavān saḥ kumbhakarṇaḥ
ripunidhanāya viniḥsṛtaḥ mahātmā
kapi gaṇabhayam ādadat subhīmam
prabhuḥ iva kiṅkaradaṇḍavān yugānte

50. saḥ vipulaparighavān mahātmā
kumbhakarṇaḥ ripunidhanāya viniḥsṛtaḥ
yugānte kiṅkaradaṇḍavān prabhuḥ
iva subhīmam kapi gaṇabhayam ādadat

50. That mighty Kumbhakarna, armed with a huge club, emerged for the destruction of enemies. He struck great fear into the host of monkeys, appearing like the lord of death (Yama) with his staff at the end of a cosmic age.

Words meanings summery:

• विपुलपरिघवान् (vipulaparighavān) - Kumbhakarna, equipped with a huge club (possessing a massive club or bar; having a large mace)

• सः (saḥ) - He (Kumbhakarna) (he, that)

• कुम्भकर्णः (kumbhakarṇaḥ) - The powerful Rākṣasa, Kumbhakarna (Kumbhakarna (name of a Rākṣasa))

• रिपुनिधनाय (ripunidhanāya) - for the purpose of annihilating foes (for the destruction of enemies)

• विनिःसृतः (viniḥsṛtaḥ) - who came out to fight (emerged, issued forth, came out)

• महात्मा (mahātmā) - the mighty one, Kumbhakarna (great-souled, mighty, magnanimous)

• कपि (kapi) - of the monkeys (monkey)

• गणभयम् (gaṇabhayam) - fear for the monkey host (fear of a multitude/host)

• आददत् (ādadat) - causing, creating (fear) (causing, creating, giving, taking)

• सुभीमम् (subhīmam) - a very dreadful (fear) (very terrible, greatly dreadful, extremely formidable)

• प्रभुः (prabhuḥ) - the lord of death (Yama) (lord, master, mighty one)

• इव (iva) - like, as if, as, similar to

• किङ्करदण्डवान् (kiṅkaradaṇḍavān) - like Yama holding his staff (daṇḍa) for his messengers (kiṅkaras) (possessing a staff for servants)

• युगान्ते (yugānte) - at the end of a cosmic age (when cosmic dissolution occurs) (at the end of an age/era)

Words meanings and morphology

विपुलपरिघवान् (vipulaparighavān) - Kumbhakarna, equipped with a huge club (possessing a massive club or bar; having a large mace)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vipulaparighavat

vipulaparighavat - having a large mace/club/door-bar, powerful

Derived from the noun 'vipulaparigha' with the possessive suffix '-vat' (matup)

Compound type : bahuvrihi (vipula+parigha)

• vipula – large, extensive, spacious, broad
  adjective (masculine)
• parigha – iron club, mace, door-bar, bolt
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: pari
  Root: han

सः (saḥ) - He (Kumbhakarna) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

कुम्भकर्णः (kumbhakarṇaḥ) - The powerful Rākṣasa, Kumbhakarna (Kumbhakarna (name of a Rākṣasa))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kumbhakarṇa

kumbhakarṇa - Kumbhakarna (literally 'pot-eared')

Compound type : bahuvrihi (kumbha+karṇa)

• kumbha – pot, pitcher, elephant's forehead
  noun (masculine)
• karṇa – ear, rudder, Karna (proper name)
  noun (masculine)

रिपुनिधनाय (ripunidhanāya) - for the purpose of annihilating foes (for the destruction of enemies)

(noun)

Dative, neuter, singular of ripunidhana

ripunidhana - destruction of enemies

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (ripu+nidhana)

• ripu – enemy, foe
  noun (masculine)
• nidhana – destruction, annihilation, death, end
  noun (neuter)
  Prefix: ni
  Root: dhā (class 3)

विनिःसृतः (viniḥsṛtaḥ) - who came out to fight (emerged, issued forth, came out)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of viniḥsṛta

viniḥsṛta - come forth, issued, departed

Past Passive Participle

Derived from the root 'sṛ' (to flow, move) with prefixes 'vi' and 'niḥ'

Prefixes: vi+niḥ

Root: sṛ (class 1)

महात्मा (mahātmā) - the mighty one, Kumbhakarna (great-souled, mighty, magnanimous)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahātman

mahātman - great-souled, noble, mighty, exalted (person)

Compound type : bahuvrihi (mahat+ātman)

• mahat – great, large, vast, mighty
  adjective (neuter)
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, essential nature
  noun (masculine)

कपि (kapi) - of the monkeys (monkey)

(noun)

masculine, singular of kapi

kapi - monkey, ape

Note: Used as the first part of a compound noun 'kapi gaṇabhayam'

गणभयम् (gaṇabhayam) - fear for the monkey host (fear of a multitude/host)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of gaṇabhaya

gaṇabhaya - fear of a host, multitude's fear

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (gaṇa+bhaya)

• gaṇa – multitude, host, troop, assembly
  noun (masculine)
• bhaya – fear, dread, terror
  noun (neuter)
  Root: bhī (class 3)

Note: Used here as 'kapi-gaṇabhayam' meaning 'fear of the monkey host'

आददत् (ādadat) - causing, creating (fear) (causing, creating, giving, taking)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ādadat

ādadat - giving, granting, causing, taking

Present Active Participle

Derived from the root 'dā' (to give) with prefix 'ā', in the present active participle form

Prefix: ā

Root: dā (class 3)

Note: Modifies 'Kumbhakarna' (saḥ)

सुभीमम् (subhīmam) - a very dreadful (fear) (very terrible, greatly dreadful, extremely formidable)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of subhīma

subhīma - very terrible, dreadful, awful

Compound of 'su' (good, intense) and 'bhīma' (terrible)

Compound type : karmadhāraya (su+bhīma)

• su – good, well, excellent, very, greatly
  indeclinable
• bhīma – terrible, dreadful, formidable, fierce
  adjective (masculine)
  From root 'bhī' (to fear)
  Root: bhī (class 3)

Note: Modifies 'gaṇabhayam'

प्रभुः (prabhuḥ) - the lord of death (Yama) (lord, master, mighty one)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of prabhu

prabhu - lord, master, king, supreme being, mighty, powerful

Derived from root 'bhū' (to be, become) with prefix 'pra'

Prefix: pra

Root: bhū (class 1)

इव (iva) - like, as if, as, similar to

(indeclinable)

किङ्करदण्डवान् (kiṅkaradaṇḍavān) - like Yama holding his staff (daṇḍa) for his messengers (kiṅkaras) (possessing a staff for servants)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kiṅkaradaṇḍavat

kiṅkaradaṇḍavat - having the staff of a messenger/servant (referring to Yama's staff)

Derived from the compound noun 'kiṅkaradaṇḍa' with the possessive suffix '-vat' (matup)

Compound type : bahuvrihi (kiṅkara+daṇḍa)

• kiṅkara – servant, attendant, messenger
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: kim
  Root: kṛ (class 8)
• daṇḍa – staff, rod, stick, punishment, Yama's scepter
  noun (masculine)
  Root: daṇḍ (class 1)

Note: Modifies 'Kumbhakarna', comparing him to Yama

युगान्ते (yugānte) - at the end of a cosmic age (when cosmic dissolution occurs) (at the end of an age/era)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of yugānta

yugānta - end of an age, end of the world

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (yuga+anta)

• yuga – age, era, period of time
  noun (neuter)
• anta – end, limit, boundary, conclusion
  noun (masculine)

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