वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-53, verse-4

न मर्षयति चात्मानं संभावयति नात्मना ।
अदर्शयित्वा शूरास्तु कर्म कुर्वन्ति दुष्करम् ॥४॥

4. na marṣayati cātmānaṃ saṃbhāvayati nātmanā ,
adarśayitvā śūrāstu karma kurvanti duṣkaram.

4. na marṣayati ca ātmānam saṃbhāvayati na ātmanā
adarśayitvā śūrāḥ tu karma kurvanti duṣkaram

4. ātmānam na marṣayati ca ātmanā na saṃbhāvayati
tu śūrāḥ adarśayitvā duṣkaram karma kurvanti

4. He does not tolerate himself (being idle) and does not esteem his self (ātman) through mere self-proclamation. Instead, heroes perform difficult deeds (karma) without showing (their prowess beforehand).

Words meanings summery:

• न (na) - not

• मर्षयति (marṣayati) - he tolerates, he forgives, he endures

• च (ca) - and

• आत्मानम् (ātmānam) - himself, the self (ātman)

• संभावयति (saṁbhāvayati) - he considers, he estimates, he honors

• न (na) - not

• आत्मना (ātmanā) - by the self (ātman), by himself

• अदर्शयित्वा (adarśayitvā) - without showing, without displaying

• शूराः (śūrāḥ) - heroes, brave ones

• तु (tu) - but, indeed

• कर्म (karma) - action, deed, work (karma)

• कुर्वन्ति (kurvanti) - they do, they perform

• दुष्करम् (duṣkaram) - difficult to do, hard to perform

Words meanings and morphology

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

Note: Negates 'marṣayati'.

मर्षयति (marṣayati) - he tolerates, he forgives, he endures

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of mṛṣ

Present Active (Causative)

Third person singular, present indicative, parasmaipada. Causative stem from root mṛṣ, class 10 (or 1).

Root: mṛṣ (class 1)

Note: Subject is implied 'a hero'.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects the two negative clauses.

आत्मानम् (ātmānam) - himself, the self (ātman)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ātman

ātman - self, soul, spirit

Note: Object of 'marṣayati' and 'saṃbhāvayati'.

संभावयति (saṁbhāvayati) - he considers, he estimates, he honors

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of bhū

Present Active (Causative)

Third person singular, present indicative, parasmaipada. Causative stem from root bhū, class 1, with upasarga sam.

Prefix: sam

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Subject is implied 'a hero'.

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

Note: Negates 'saṃbhāvayati'.

आत्मना (ātmanā) - by the self (ātman), by himself

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of ātman

ātman - self, soul, spirit

Note: Indicates the means, 'by his own being/words/nature'.

अदर्शयित्वा (adarśayitvā) - without showing, without displaying

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund) with negative prefix

Formed from the causative stem 'darśaya' of root dṛś, with suffix '-itvā' and negative prefix 'a-'.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Modifies 'kurvanti'.

शूराः (śūrāḥ) - heroes, brave ones

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of śūra

śūra - hero, warrior, brave

Root: śūr

Note: Subject of 'kurvanti'.

तु (tu) - but, indeed

(indeclinable)

Note: Indicates a contrast.

कर्म (karma) - action, deed, work (karma)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of karman

karman - action, deed, work, ritual action

From root kṛ (to do). Accusative singular.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Object of 'kurvanti'.

कुर्वन्ति (kurvanti) - they do, they perform

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of kṛ

Present Active

Third person plural, present indicative, parasmaipada. Root kṛ, class 8.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

दुष्करम् (duṣkaram) - difficult to do, hard to perform

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of duṣkara

duṣkara - difficult to do, hard

Compound of 'dus' (bad, difficult) and 'kara' (doing, making, from root kṛ).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dus+kara)

• dus – bad, difficult
  indeclinable
  Prefix. Also spelled `dur`.
• kara – doing, making, doer, hand
  noun (masculine)
  From root `kṛ`.
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Qualifies 'karma'.

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