वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-53, verse-17

वानरा हि महात्मानः शीघ्राश्च व्यवसायिनः ।
एकाकिनं प्रमत्तं वा नयेयुर्दशनैः क्षयम् ॥१७॥

17. vānarā hi mahātmānaḥ śīghrāśca vyavasāyinaḥ ,
ekākinaṃ pramattaṃ vā nayeyurdaśanaiḥ kṣayam.

17. vānarāḥ hi mahātmānaḥ śīghrāḥ ca vyavasāyinaḥ
ekākinam pramattam vā nayeyuḥ daśanaiḥ kṣayam

17. hi vānarāḥ mahātmānaḥ śīghrāḥ ca vyavasāyinaḥ
ekākinam vā pramattam daśanaiḥ kṣayam nayeyuḥ

17. For the monkeys are indeed great-souled (mahātman), swift, and resolute. They could bring a solitary or careless person to destruction with their teeth.

Words meanings summery:

• वानराः (vānarāḥ) - monkeys

• हि (hi) - indeed, for (indeed, for, because)

• महात्मानः (mahātmānaḥ) - great-souled (mahātman) (great-souled, noble-minded, powerful)

• शीघ्राः (śīghrāḥ) - swift (swift, quick, agile)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• व्यवसायिनः (vyavasāyinaḥ) - resolute (resolute, diligent, persevering, energetic)

• एकाकिनम् (ekākinam) - a solitary person (a solitary one, a lone person)

• प्रमत्तम् (pramattam) - a careless person (negligent, careless, inattentive)

• वा (vā) - or

• नयेयुः (nayeyuḥ) - they could bring (they might lead, they should lead)

• दशनैः (daśanaiḥ) - with their teeth (with teeth, by biting)

• क्षयम् (kṣayam) - to destruction (destruction, end, decay)

Words meanings and morphology

वानराः (vānarāḥ) - monkeys

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vānara

vānara - monkey, ape

derived from vana (forest)

Root: van (class 1)

Note: Subject of the implied verb 'are' and explicit verb 'nayeyuḥ'.

हि (hi) - indeed, for (indeed, for, because)

(indeclinable)

particle

महात्मानः (mahātmānaḥ) - great-souled (mahātman) (great-souled, noble-minded, powerful)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of mahātman

mahātman - great-souled, noble, eminent, powerful, `ātman`

compound of mahat and ātman

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahat+ātman)

• mahat – great, large, powerful
  adjective
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, essence
  noun (masculine)
  Root: an (class 2)

Note: Modifies vānarāḥ.

शीघ्राः (śīghrāḥ) - swift (swift, quick, agile)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of śīghra

śīghra - swift, quick, rapid, agile

Root: śīgh (class 1)

Note: Modifies vānarāḥ.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

व्यवसायिनः (vyavasāyinaḥ) - resolute (resolute, diligent, persevering, energetic)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vyavasāyin

vyavasāyin - resolute, determined, active, diligent, industrious

derived from vyavasāya (determination, effort)

Note: Modifies vānarāḥ.

एकाकिनम् (ekākinam) - a solitary person (a solitary one, a lone person)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ekākin

ekākin - alone, solitary, single

derived from eka (one) + suffix -ākin

Note: Object of nayeyuḥ.

प्रमत्तम् (pramattam) - a careless person (negligent, careless, inattentive)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of pramatta

pramatta - careless, negligent, inattentive, intoxicated

Past Passive Participle

from mad (to be intoxicated, negligent) with pra prefix

Prefix: pra

Root: mad (class 4)

Note: Object of nayeyuḥ.

वा (vā) - or

(indeclinable)

conjunction

नयेयुः (nayeyuḥ) - they could bring (they might lead, they should lead)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of nī

optative mood, 3rd person plural active

from nī root (1st class), optative stem nay-

Root: nī (class 1)

दशनैः (daśanaiḥ) - with their teeth (with teeth, by biting)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of daśana

daśana - tooth, biting, tusk

derived from daṃś (to bite)

Root: daṃś (class 1)

Note: Instrument of action.

क्षयम् (kṣayam) - to destruction (destruction, end, decay)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kṣaya

kṣaya - destruction, ruin, loss, end, decay

from kṣi (to perish, destroy)

Root: kṣi (class 5)

Note: Direct object of nayeyuḥ, indicating the state or destination.

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