वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-53, verse-42

घोररूपाः शिवा नेदुः सज्वालकवलैर्मुखैः ।
मण्डलान्यपसव्यानि बबन्धुश्च विहंगमाः ॥४२॥

42. ghorarūpāḥ śivā neduḥ sajvālakavalairmukhaiḥ ,
maṇḍalānyapasavyāni babandhuśca vihaṃgamāḥ.

42. ghorarūpāḥ śivāḥ neduḥ sajjvālākavalaiḥ mukhaiḥ
maṇḍalāni apasavyāni babandhuḥ ca vihaṅgamāḥ

42. Terrible-looking jackals howled with mouths full of flames. Birds formed ominous (counter-clockwise) circles.

Words meanings summery:

• घोररूपाः (ghorarūpāḥ) - terrible-looking (of terrible form, frightful, dreadful-looking)

• शिवाः (śivāḥ) - jackals (jackals, she-jackals; auspicious ones)

• नेदुः (neduḥ) - they howled (they roared, they howled, they sounded)

• सज्ज्वालाकवलैः (sajjvālākavalaiḥ) - with mouths full of flames (with mouthfuls of flames, with flaming morsels)

• मुखैः (mukhaiḥ) - with (their) mouths (with mouths, by mouths)

• मण्डलानि (maṇḍalāni) - circles (circles, regions, discs)

• अपसव्यानि (apasavyāni) - ominous (flying counter-clockwise) (inauspicious, anti-clockwise, to the left)

• बबन्धुः (babandhuḥ) - they formed (circles) (they tied, they formed, they bound)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• विहङ्गमाः (vihaṅgamāḥ) - birds

Words meanings and morphology

घोररूपाः (ghorarūpāḥ) - terrible-looking (of terrible form, frightful, dreadful-looking)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of ghorarūpa

ghorarūpa - having a frightful form, dreadful in appearance

Compound type : bahuvrihi (ghora+rūpa)

• ghora – frightful, terrible, dreadful, awful
  adjective (masculine)
  Root: ghur (class 1)
• rūpa – form, shape, appearance, beauty
  noun (neuter)
  Root: rūp (class 1)

शिवाः (śivāḥ) - jackals (jackals, she-jackals; auspicious ones)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of śivā

śivā - a she-jackal, jackal; an auspicious woman; the wife of Shiva

नेदुः (neduḥ) - they howled (they roared, they howled, they sounded)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past perfect (liṭ) of nad

root verb

Root: nad (class 1)

सज्ज्वालाकवलैः (sajjvālākavalaiḥ) - with mouths full of flames (with mouthfuls of flames, with flaming morsels)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of sajjvālākavala

sajjvālākavala - having flaming mouthfuls/morsels

Compound type : bahuvrihi (sat+jvālā+kavala)

• sat – being, existing, true, good
  adjective (masculine)
  Present Active Participle
  From root as (to be)
  Root: as (class 2)
• jvālā – flame, blaze
  noun (feminine)
  Root: jval (class 1)
• kavala – a mouthful, a morsel, a gulp
  noun (masculine)

Note: Refers to the state of their mouths.

मुखैः (mukhaiḥ) - with (their) mouths (with mouths, by mouths)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, plural of mukha

mukha - mouth, face, opening, principal

मण्डलानि (maṇḍalāni) - circles (circles, regions, discs)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of maṇḍala

maṇḍala - circle, disc (of sun/moon), region, territory

Root: maṇḍ (class 1)

अपसव्यानि (apasavyāni) - ominous (flying counter-clockwise) (inauspicious, anti-clockwise, to the left)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, plural of apasavya

apasavya - to the left, anti-clockwise, inauspicious

Compound type : pradi-tatpurusha (apa+savya)

• apa – away, off, back, wrong, bad
  indeclinable
  preposition/prefix
• savya – left, auspicious
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Agrees with maṇḍalāni.

बबन्धुः (babandhuḥ) - they formed (circles) (they tied, they formed, they bound)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past perfect (liṭ) of bandh

root verb

Root: bandh (class 9)

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

particle

विहङ्गमाः (vihaṅgamāḥ) - birds

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vihaṅgama

vihaṅgama - bird (lit. going in the sky)

compound of viha (sky) + gama (going)

Compound type : upapada-tatpurusha (viha+gama)

• viha – sky, air
  noun (masculine)
• gama – going, moving, leading to
  noun (masculine)
  kṛt suffix -a
  From root gam (to go)
  Root: gam (class 1)

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