वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-53, verse-47

ते दृष्ट्वा राक्षसश्रेष्ठं वानराः पर्वतोपमम् ।
वायुनुन्ना इव घना ययुः सर्वा दिशस्तदा ॥४७॥

47. te dṛṣṭvā rākṣasaśreṣṭhaṃ vānarāḥ parvatopamam ,
vāyununnā iva ghanā yayuḥ sarvā diśastadā.

47. te dṛṣṭvā rākṣasaśreṣṭham vānarāḥ parvatopamam
vāyununnāḥ iva ghanāḥ yayuḥ sarvāḥ diśaḥ tadā

47. tadā te vānarāḥ parvatopamam rākṣasaśreṣṭham
dṛṣṭvā vāyununnāḥ ghanāḥ iva sarvāḥ diśaḥ yayuḥ

47. When the monkeys saw that chief of rākṣasas, who was like a mountain, they then fled in all directions, like clouds driven by the wind.

Words meanings summery:

• ते (te) - the monkeys (they)

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

• राक्षसश्रेष्ठम् (rākṣasaśreṣṭham) - referring to Kumbhakarṇa (best of rākṣasas, chief rākṣasa)

• वानराः (vānarāḥ) - monkeys

• पर्वतोपमम् (parvatopamam) - mountain-like, resembling a mountain

• वायुनुन्नाः (vāyununnāḥ) - driven by the wind, wind-pushed

• इव (iva) - like, as, as if

• घनाः (ghanāḥ) - clouds, dense masses

• ययुः (yayuḥ) - they went, they fled

• सर्वाः (sarvāḥ) - all, every

• दिशः (diśaḥ) - directions, quarters

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

Words meanings and morphology

ते (te) - the monkeys (they)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those, he, she, it

Note: Nominative plural masculine form of 'tad'

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

(indeclinable)

Absolutive

Formed with suffix -tvā

Root: dṛś (class 1)

राक्षसश्रेष्ठम् (rākṣasaśreṣṭham) - referring to Kumbhakarṇa (best of rākṣasas, chief rākṣasa)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of rākṣasaśreṣṭha

rākṣasaśreṣṭha - best of rākṣasas, chief rākṣasa

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (rākṣasa+śreṣṭha)

• rākṣasa – a demon, a rākṣasa
  noun (masculine)
• śreṣṭha – best, excellent, chief
  adjective (masculine)
  Superlative of praśasya (praiseworthy)

वानराः (vānarāḥ) - monkeys

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vānara

vānara - monkey

पर्वतोपमम् (parvatopamam) - mountain-like, resembling a mountain

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of parvatopama

parvatopama - resembling a mountain, mountain-like

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (parvata+upama)

• parvata – mountain, hill
  noun (masculine)
• upama – resembling, like, comparison
  adjective (masculine)
  Prefix: upa

Note: Refers to 'rākṣasaśreṣṭham'

वायुनुन्नाः (vāyununnāḥ) - driven by the wind, wind-pushed

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vāyununna

vāyununna - driven by the wind, impelled by the wind

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vāyu+nunna)

• vāyu – wind, air
  noun (masculine)
• nunna – pushed, driven, expelled
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From √nud (to push, drive)
  Root: nud (class 6)

Note: Refers to 'vānarāḥ'

इव (iva) - like, as, as if

(indeclinable)

घनाः (ghanāḥ) - clouds, dense masses

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of ghana

ghana - cloud, dense mass, thick

ययुः (yayuḥ) - they went, they fled

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past perfect (Lit) of yā

Perfect tense

3rd person plural perfect active

Root: yā (class 2)

सर्वाः (sarvāḥ) - all, every

(pronoun)

Accusative, feminine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole

दिशः (diśaḥ) - directions, quarters

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, plural of diś

diś - direction, quarter, region

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)

From 'tad' (that)

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