वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-53, verse-1

स तथोक्तस्तु निर्भर्त्स्य कुम्भकर्णो महोदरम् ।
अब्रवीद् राक्षसश्रेष्ठं भ्रातरं रावणं ततः ॥१॥

1. sa tathoktastu nirbhartsya kumbhakarṇo mahodaram ,
abravīd rākṣasaśreṣṭhaṃ bhrātaraṃ rāvaṇaṃ tataḥ.

1. saḥ tathā uktaḥ tu nirbhartsya kumbhakarṇaḥ mahodaram
abravīt rākṣasaśreṣṭhaṃ bhrātaraṃ rāvaṇaṃ tataḥ

1. tu saḥ kumbhakarṇaḥ tathā uktaḥ (san) mahodaram nirbhartsya,
tataḥ rākṣasaśreṣṭhaṃ bhrātaraṃ rāvaṇaṃ abravīt.

1. However, Kumbhakarna, having been addressed in that manner, first rebuked Mahodara, and then spoke to his brother Ravana, the foremost of the rākṣasas.

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - He (Kumbhakarna) (he, that (masculine))

• तथा (tathā) - in that manner (thus, in that manner)

• उक्तः (uktaḥ) - having been addressed / told (spoken, told)

• तु (tu) - but, however (but, indeed, on the other hand)

• निर्भर्त्स्य (nirbhartsya) - having rebuked (having rebuked, having reproached)

• कुम्भकर्णः (kumbhakarṇaḥ) - Kumbhakarna (Kumbhakarna (proper name))

• महोदरम् (mahodaram) - Mahodara (Mahodara (proper name))

• अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - spoke (spoke, said)

• राक्षसश्रेष्ठं (rākṣasaśreṣṭhaṁ) - foremost of rākṣasas (best of rākṣasas, foremost demon)

• भ्रातरं (bhrātaraṁ) - brother

• रावणं (rāvaṇaṁ) - Ravana (Ravana (proper name))

• ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, therefrom, afterwards)

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - He (Kumbhakarna) (he, that (masculine))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Masculine singular nominative, refers to Kumbhakarna.

तथा (tathā) - in that manner (thus, in that manner)

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverbial, modifying 'uktaḥ'.

उक्तः (uktaḥ) - having been addressed / told (spoken, told)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ukta

ukta - spoken, said, told

Past Passive Participle

Past passive participle from root vac (to speak), irregular formation.

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Agrees with 'saḥ' (Kumbhakarna).

तु (tu) - but, however (but, indeed, on the other hand)

(indeclinable)

Note: Connective particle.

निर्भर्त्स्य (nirbhartsya) - having rebuked (having rebuked, having reproached)

(indeclinable)

absolutive (lvap)

Indeclinable past participle (absolutive) from root bharts (10th class, 'to scold') with prefix nir-.

Prefix: nir

Root: bharts (class 10)

Note: Subject is 'kumbhakarṇaḥ'.

कुम्भकर्णः (kumbhakarṇaḥ) - Kumbhakarna (Kumbhakarna (proper name))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kumbhakarṇa

kumbhakarṇa - Kumbhakarna (brother of Ravana, a giant with pot-like ears)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (kumbha+karṇa)

• kumbha – pot, pitcher
  noun (masculine)
• karṇa – ear
  noun (masculine)

Note: Subject of 'abravīt'.

महोदरम् (mahodaram) - Mahodara (Mahodara (proper name))

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of mahodara

mahodara - Mahodara (a rākṣasa, 'great-bellied')

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mahat+udara)

• mahat – great, large
  adjective (neuter)
• udara – belly, abdomen
  noun (neuter)

Note: Object of 'nirbhartsya'.

अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - spoke (spoke, said)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of brū

past imperfect, 3rd person singular

Past imperfect tense (laṅ), 3rd person singular, parasmaipada, from root brū (2nd class). Irregular formation from root vac.

Root: brū/vac (class 2)

Note: Subject is 'kumbhakarṇaḥ'.

राक्षसश्रेष्ठं (rākṣasaśreṣṭhaṁ) - foremost of rākṣasas (best of rākṣasas, foremost demon)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of rākṣasaśreṣṭha

rākṣasaśreṣṭha - best of rākṣasas, foremost demon

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (rākṣasa+śreṣṭha)

• rākṣasa – a rākṣasa (demon)
  noun (masculine)
• śreṣṭha – best, most excellent, supreme
  adjective (masculine)
  Superlative of praśasya (excellent).

Note: In apposition to 'rāvaṇaṃ'.

भ्रातरं (bhrātaraṁ) - brother

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of bhrātṛ

bhrātṛ - brother

Note: In apposition to 'rāvaṇaṃ'.

रावणं (rāvaṇaṁ) - Ravana (Ravana (proper name))

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of rāvaṇa

rāvaṇa - Ravana (the king of Laṅkā, chief antagonist in Ramayana)

Note: Object of 'abravīt'.

ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, therefrom, afterwards)

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverb of time.

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