वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-5, chapter-45, verse-3

ततो महद्बालदिवाकरप्रभं प्रतप्तजाम्बूनदजालसंततम् ।
रथां समास्थाय ययौ स वीर्यवान्महाहरिं तं प्रति नैरृतर्षभः ॥३॥

3. tato mahadbāladivākaraprabhaṃ prataptajāmbūnadajālasaṃtatam ,
rathāṃ samāsthāya yayau sa vīryavānmahāhariṃ taṃ prati nairṛtarṣabhaḥ.

3. tataḥ mahat bāladivākaraprabham
prataptajāmbūnadajālasaṃtatam ratham
samāsthāya yayau saḥ vīryavān
mahāharim tam prati nairṛtarṣabhaḥ

3. tataḥ saḥ vīryavān nairṛtarṣabhaḥ
bāladivākaraprabham
prataptajāmbūnadajālasaṃtatam mahat ratham
samāsthāya tam mahāharim prati yayau

3. Then, that valorous chief of the Rākṣasas (nairṛtarṣabhaḥ), having mounted a grand chariot – which shone like the rising sun and was covered with a mesh of gleaming molten gold – proceeded towards that great monkey.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereupon, from that

• महत् (mahat) - great, large, splendid

• बालदिवाकरप्रभम् (bāladivākaraprabham) - shining like the rising sun

• प्रतप्तजाम्बूनदजालसंततम् (prataptajāmbūnadajālasaṁtatam) - covered with a network of molten gold

• रथम् (ratham) - chariot

• समास्थाय (samāsthāya) - having mounted, having ascended, having taken up

• ययौ (yayau) - he went, he proceeded

• सः (saḥ) - he, that one

• वीर्यवान् (vīryavān) - valorous, mighty, courageous

• महाहरिम् (mahāharim) - great monkey

• तम् (tam) - that (great monkey) (that, him)

• प्रति (prati) - towards, to, against

• नैरृतर्षभः (nairṛtarṣabhaḥ) - chief of the Rākṣasas

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereupon, from that

(indeclinable)

From tad (that) with -tas suffix.

महत् (mahat) - great, large, splendid

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of mahat

mahat - great, large, important

Root mah (to be great). Present participle stem.

Root: mah (class 1)

बालदिवाकरप्रभम् (bāladivākaraprabham) - shining like the rising sun

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of bāladivākaraprabha

bāladivākaraprabha - having the radiance of the morning sun

Bahuvrīhi compound: bāla (young) + divākara (sun) + prabhā (splendor, radiance). "Whose splendor is like that of the young sun."

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (bāla+divākara+prabhā)

• bāla – young, child
  adjective (masculine)
• divākara – sun (lit. day-maker)
  noun (masculine)
  Compound of divā (day) and kara (maker).
  Root: kṛ (class 8)
• prabhā – splendor, radiance, light
  noun (feminine)
  From pra-bhā (to shine forth)
  Prefix: pra
  Root: bhā (class 2)

प्रतप्तजाम्बूनदजालसंततम् (prataptajāmbūnadajālasaṁtatam) - covered with a network of molten gold

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of prataptajāmbūnadajālasaṃtata

prataptajāmbūnadajālasaṁtata - covered/spread with a network of heated gold

Compound of pratapta (molten/heated), jāmbūnada (gold), jāla (network), and saṃtata (covered/spread). A tatpurusha compound describing the chariot.

Compound type : tatpurusha (pratapta+jāmbūnada+jāla+saṃtata)

• pratapta – molten, heated, burning
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root tap (to heat, to burn) with prefix pra. Passive participle.
  Prefix: pra
  Root: tap (class 1)
• jāmbūnada – gold (from the river Jambu)
  noun (neuter)
• jāla – net, network, mesh
  noun (neuter)
• saṃtata – covered, spread, continuous
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root tan (to stretch, to spread) with prefix saM. Passive participle.
  Prefix: sam
  Root: tan (class 8)

रथम् (ratham) - chariot

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of ratha

ratha - chariot, car

Root: ram (class 1)

Note: Object of 'samāsthāya'.

समास्थाय (samāsthāya) - having mounted, having ascended, having taken up

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From root sthā (to stand) with prefixes sam and ā. Absolutive ending in -ya.

Prefixes: sam+ā

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Modifies the action of 'yayau'.

ययौ (yayau) - he went, he proceeded

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of yā

Root: yā (class 2)

सः (saḥ) - he, that one

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that

Note: Refers to Indrajit (nairṛtarṣabhaḥ).

वीर्यवान् (vīryavān) - valorous, mighty, courageous

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vīryavat

vīryavat - valorous, mighty, powerful

Possessive adjective from vīrya (valor, might)

महाहरिम् (mahāharim) - great monkey

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of mahāhari

mahāhari - great monkey

Compound of mahā (great) and hari (monkey). Karmadhāraya compound.

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+hari)

• mahā – great, large
  adjective (feminine)
• hari – monkey, lion, Vishnu
  noun (masculine)
  Root: hṛ (class 1)

Note: Object of prati.

तम् (tam) - that (great monkey) (that, him)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that

प्रति (prati) - towards, to, against

(indeclinable)

Preposition/prefix governing accusative case.

नैरृतर्षभः (nairṛtarṣabhaḥ) - chief of the Rākṣasas

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nairṛtarṣabha

nairṛtarṣabha - chief of the demons/Rākṣasas

Compound of nairṛta (demon, Rākṣasa, a descendant of Nirṛti) and ṛṣabha (bull, chief, best). Tatpurusha compound.

Compound type : tatpurusha (nairṛta+ṛṣabha)

• nairṛta – Rākṣasa, demon, relating to Nirṛti
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from Nirṛti (goddess of dissolution).
• ṛṣabha – bull, chief, best, excellent
  noun (masculine)
  Root: ṛṣabh

Note: Subject of 'yayau'.

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