वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-5, chapter-45, verse-1

सेनापतीन्पञ्च स तु प्रमापितान् हनूमता सानुचरान् सवाहनान् ।
समीक्ष्य राजा समरोद्धतोन्मुखं कुमारमक्षं प्रसमैक्षताक्षतम् ॥१॥

1. senāpatīnpañca sa tu pramāpitān hanūmatā sānucarān savāhanān ,
samīkṣya rājā samaroddhatonmukhaṃ kumāramakṣaṃ prasamaikṣatākṣatam.

1. senāpatīn pañca saḥ tu pramāpitān
hanumatā sānucarān savāhanān samīkṣya
rājā samara uddhata unmukham
kumāram akṣam pra sam aikṣata akṣatam

1. saḥ rājā tu hanumatā pramāpitān
pañca sānucarān savāhanān senāpatīn
samīkṣya akṣatam samaroddhatonmukham
kumāram akṣam prasamaiṣata

1. But the king (Rāvaṇa), having witnessed five army commanders, along with their attendants and mounts, caused to be killed by Hanuman, beheld Prince Akṣa, who was unharmed and stood with a face uplifted and eager for battle.

Words meanings summery:

• सेनापतीन् (senāpatīn) - army commanders

• पञ्च (pañca) - five

• सः (saḥ) - Rāvaṇa (he, that)

• तु (tu) - but (but, indeed, on the other hand)

• प्रमापितान् (pramāpitān) - caused to be killed

• हनुमता (hanumatā) - by Hanuman

• सानुचरान् (sānucarān) - with followers, accompanied by attendants

• सवाहनान् (savāhanān) - with vehicles, with mounts

• समीक्ष्य (samīkṣya) - having seen, having observed

• राजा (rājā) - Rāvaṇa (king)

• समरोद्धतोन्मुखम् (samaroddhatonmukham) - eager for battle, with face uplifted in pride of battle

• कुमारम् (kumāram) - prince, young boy

• अक्षम् (akṣam) - Prince Akṣa, son of Rāvaṇa (Akṣa)

• प्रसमैषत (prasamaiṣata) - he looked closely, he beheld, he considered

• अक्षतम् (akṣatam) - unharmed, uninjured, intact

Words meanings and morphology

सेनापतीन् (senāpatīn) - army commanders

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of senāpati

senāpati - commander of an army, general

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (senā+pati)

• senā – army, host
  noun (feminine)
• pati – lord, master, husband, commander
  noun (masculine)

पञ्च (pañca) - five

(numeral)

सः (saḥ) - Rāvaṇa (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to King Rāvaṇa

तु (tu) - but (but, indeed, on the other hand)

(indeclinable)

प्रमापितान् (pramāpitān) - caused to be killed

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of pramāpita

pramāpita - caused to be killed, slain

Causative Past Passive Participle

Prefix 'pra' + root √mā (to die) in causative (māpaya) + Past Passive Participle suffix 'ta'

Prefix: pra

Root: mā (class 2)

Note: Agrees with senāpatīn

हनुमता (hanumatā) - by Hanuman

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of hanumat

hanumat - Hanuman (possessing a prominent jaw)

Note: Agent of the killing

सानुचरान् (sānucarān) - with followers, accompanied by attendants

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of sānucara

sānucara - with followers, attended by servants

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (sa+anucara)

• sa – with, accompanied by
  prefix
• anucara – follower, attendant
  noun (masculine)
  From 'anu' + √car (to move)
  Prefix: anu
  Root: car (class 1)

Note: Agrees with senāpatīn

सवाहनान् (savāhanān) - with vehicles, with mounts

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of savāhana

savāhana - with vehicles/mounts

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (sa+vāhana)

• sa – with, accompanied by
  prefix
• vāhana – vehicle, mount
  noun (neuter)
  From root √vah (to carry)
  Root: vah (class 1)

Note: Agrees with senāpatīn

समीक्ष्य (samīkṣya) - having seen, having observed

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Prefixes 'sam' + 'ī' (from √īkṣ, to see) + suffix -ya

Prefix: sam

Root: īkṣ (class 1)

राजा (rājā) - Rāvaṇa (king)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, sovereign

Note: Refers to Rāvaṇa

समरोद्धतोन्मुखम् (samaroddhatonmukham) - eager for battle, with face uplifted in pride of battle

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of samaroddhatonmukha

samaroddhatonmukha - with face uplifted/eager due to battle's fury

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (samara+uddhata+unmukha)

• samara – battle, war
  noun (masculine)
  Root: samṛ (class 1)
• uddhata – arrogant, proud, uplifted, furious
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Prefix 'ud' + root √han (to strike, lift) + suffix 'ta'
  Prefix: ud
  Root: han (class 2)
• unmukha – face turned upwards, eager, ready
  adjective (masculine)
  Prefix 'ud' + mukha (face)
  Prefix: ud

Note: Agrees with kumāram Akṣam

कुमारम् (kumāram) - prince, young boy

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kumāra

kumāra - boy, youth, prince, son

अक्षम् (akṣam) - Prince Akṣa, son of Rāvaṇa (Akṣa)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of akṣa

akṣa - Akṣa (proper noun), axle, eye, die

प्रसमैषत (prasamaiṣata) - he looked closely, he beheld, he considered

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of prasamīkṣ

Imperfect tense

Prefixes 'pra' + 'sam' + root √īkṣ (to see) with augment 'a' for imperfect (a-sam-īkṣata becomes -sam-aiṣata)

Prefixes: pra+sam

Root: īkṣ (class 1)

अक्षतम् (akṣatam) - unharmed, uninjured, intact

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of akṣata

akṣata - uninjured, unharmed, entire, unbroken

Negation 'a' + Past Passive Participle 'kṣata' (from √kṣan 'to injure')

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (a+kṣata)

• a – not, un-
  prefix
• kṣata – injured, wounded
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root √kṣaṇ (to injure)
  Root: kṣaṇ (class 1)

Note: Agrees with kumāram Akṣam

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