वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-5, chapter-32, verse-23

अथ वा नायमुन्मादो मोहो ऽप्युन्मादलक्ष्मणः ।
संबुध्ये चाहमात्मानमिमं चापि वनौकसं ॥२३॥

23. atha vā nāyamunmādo moho'pyunmādalakṣmaṇaḥ ,
saṃbudhye cāhamātmānamimaṃ cāpi vanaukasaṃ.

23. atha vā na ayam unmādaḥ mohaḥ api unmāda-lakṣmaṇaḥ
sambudhye ca aham ātmanam imam ca api vanaukasam

23. atha vā ayam unmādaḥ na,
mohaḥ api unmāda-lakṣmaṇaḥ na.
ca aham ātmanam ca imam vanaukasam api sambudhye.

23. Or rather, this is not madness, nor is it a delusion characterized by madness. I fully perceive my own self (ātman) and also this forest-dweller.

Words meanings summery:

• अथ (atha) - or rather (now, then, moreover, or)

• वा (vā) - or (or, either...or)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• अयम् (ayam) - this (this, this one)

• उन्मादः (unmādaḥ) - madness (madness, insanity)

• मोहः (mohaḥ) - delusion (delusion, illusion, bewilderment)

• अपि (api) - also (even, also, too)

• उन्माद-लक्ष्मणः (unmāda-lakṣmaṇaḥ) - characterized by madness (characterized by madness, having the marks of madness)

• सम्बुध्ये (sambudhye) - I fully perceive (I perceive, I understand clearly, I know well)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• अहम् (aham) - I (I, myself)

• आत्मनम् (ātmanam) - my own self (ātman) (self, soul, spirit, the individual soul (ātman))

• इमम् (imam) - this (this, this one)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• अपि (api) - also (even, also, too)

• वनौकसम् (vanaukasam) - this forest-dweller (forest-dweller, inhabitant of the woods)

Words meanings and morphology

अथ (atha) - or rather (now, then, moreover, or)

(indeclinable)

Particle introducing a new topic or alternative.

वा (vā) - or (or, either...or)

(indeclinable)

Disjunctive particle.

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

अयम् (ayam) - this (this, this one)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, this one

Demonstrative pronoun, masculine, nominative singular

Note: Subject.

उन्मादः (unmādaḥ) - madness (madness, insanity)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of unmāda

unmāda - madness, insanity, infatuation, frenzy

From ud-mad (to be mad).

Prefix: ud

Root: mad (class 4)

Note: Predicate nominative.

मोहः (mohaḥ) - delusion (delusion, illusion, bewilderment)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of moha

moha - delusion, illusion, bewilderment, confusion, ignorance

From root muh (to be bewildered).

Root: muh (class 4)

Note: Predicate nominative to implied 'this'.

अपि (api) - also (even, also, too)

(indeclinable)

उन्माद-लक्ष्मणः (unmāda-lakṣmaṇaḥ) - characterized by madness (characterized by madness, having the marks of madness)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of unmāda-lakṣmaṇa

unmāda-lakṣmaṇa - having the marks or symptoms of madness, characterized by madness

Compound of unmāda (madness) and lakṣmaṇa (mark, characteristic).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (unmāda+lakṣmaṇa)

• unmāda – madness, insanity, infatuation
  noun (masculine)
  From ud-mad (to be mad).
  Prefix: ud
  Root: mad (class 4)
• lakṣmaṇa – mark, sign, characteristic, symptom
  noun (neuter)
  From root lakṣ (to mark, observe).
  Root: lakṣ (class 10)

Note: Agrees with mohaḥ.

सम्बुध्ये (sambudhye) - I fully perceive (I perceive, I understand clearly, I know well)

(verb)

1st person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of sambudh

Present tense, middle voice, 1st person singular

From root budh (to know, perceive) with prefix sam-.

Prefix: sam

Root: budh (class 1)

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

अहम् (aham) - I (I, myself)

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we

1st person singular pronoun, nominative case

आत्मनम् (ātmanam) - my own self (ātman) (self, soul, spirit, the individual soul (ātman))

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ātman

ātman - self, soul, spirit, individual soul, principle of life

Root: an (class 2)

Note: Object of sambudhye.

इमम् (imam) - this (this, this one)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, this one

Demonstrative pronoun, masculine, accusative singular

Note: Agrees with vanaukasam.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

अपि (api) - also (even, also, too)

(indeclinable)

वनौकसम् (vanaukasam) - this forest-dweller (forest-dweller, inhabitant of the woods)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vanaukas

vanaukas - forest-dweller, hermit, monkey

Compound of vana (forest) and okas (abode, dweller).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vana+okas)

• vana – forest, wood, grove
  noun (neuter)
• okas – dwelling, abode, house; an inhabitant
  noun (neuter)
  Root: vas (class 1)

Note: Object of sambudhye.

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