वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-5, chapter-20, verse-41

स मैथिलीं धर्मपरामवस्थितां प्रवेपमानां परिभर्त्स्य रावणः ।
विहाय सीतां मदनेन मोहितः स्वमेव वेश्म प्रविवेश भास्वरम् ॥४१॥

41. sa maithilīṃ dharmaparāmavasthitāṃ pravepamānāṃ paribhartsya rāvaṇaḥ ,
vihāya sītāṃ madanena mohitaḥ svameva veśma praviveśa bhāsvaram.

41. saḥ maithilīm dharma-parām avasthitām
pravepamānām paribhartsya rāvaṇaḥ
vihāya sītām madanena mohitaḥ
svam eva veśma praviveśa bhāsvaram

41. saḥ rāvaṇaḥ dharma-parām avasthitām
pravepamānām maithilīm paribhartsya
madanena mohitaḥ sītām vihāya
svam eva bhāsvaram veśma praviveśa

41. Having rebuked Maithili (Sita), who was resolute in her natural law (dharma) and trembling, Ravana, infatuated by lust, abandoned her and entered his own resplendent palace.

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - Ravana (he, that)

• मैथिलीम् (maithilīm) - Sita, daughter of Janaka (king of Mithila) (Maithili, a princess of Mithila)

• धर्म-पराम् (dharma-parām) - devoted to (dharma), supremely righteous

• अवस्थिताम् (avasthitām) - resolute, firmly standing, situated

• प्रवेपमानाम् (pravepamānām) - trembling, quivering

• परिभर्त्स्य (paribhartsya) - having rebuked, having threatened

• रावणः (rāvaṇaḥ) - Ravana

• विहाय (vihāya) - having abandoned, having left

• सीताम् (sītām) - Sita

• मदनेन (madanena) - by lust, by Kāma (the god of love)

• मोहितः (mohitaḥ) - deluded, infatuated, bewildered

• स्वम् (svam) - his own

• एव (eva) - indeed, only, certainly

• वेश्म (veśma) - house, palace, abode

• प्रविवेश (praviveśa) - he entered

• भास्वरम् (bhāsvaram) - shining, radiant, resplendent

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - Ravana (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he

Note: Refers to Ravana.

मैथिलीम् (maithilīm) - Sita, daughter of Janaka (king of Mithila) (Maithili, a princess of Mithila)

(proper noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of maithilī

maithilī - princess of Mithila

Feminine derivative from Mithila, the name of a kingdom.

Note: Refers to Sita.

धर्म-पराम् (dharma-parām) - devoted to (dharma), supremely righteous

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of dharma-para

dharma-para - devoted to righteousness (dharma), intent on virtue

Compound type : Tatpurusha (dharma+para)

• dharma – natural law, constitution, intrinsic nature, righteousness, duty
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• para – chief, principal, devoted to, intent on
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Qualifies Maithilīm.

अवस्थिताम् (avasthitām) - resolute, firmly standing, situated

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of avasthita

avasthita - situated, standing, firm, resolute

Past Passive Participle

From prefix 'ava-' + root 'sthā' (to stand).

Prefix: ava

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Qualifies Maithilīm.

प्रवेपमानाम् (pravepamānām) - trembling, quivering

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of pravepamāna

pravepamāna - trembling, shaking, quivering

Present Participle (Ātmanepada)

From prefix 'pra-' + root 'vep' (to tremble) with suffix -māna.

Prefix: pra

Root: vep (class 1)

Note: Qualifies Maithilīm.

परिभर्त्स्य (paribhartsya) - having rebuked, having threatened

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund)

Derived from root 'bharts' (to abuse, threaten) with prefix 'pari-' and suffix -ya, used for verbs with prefixes.

Prefix: pari

Root: bharts (class 1)

रावणः (rāvaṇaḥ) - Ravana

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rāvaṇa

rāvaṇa - Ravana, the demon king of Lanka

Root: ru (class 2)

Note: Subject of the sentence.

विहाय (vihāya) - having abandoned, having left

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund)

Derived from root 'hā' (to abandon) with prefix 'vi-' and suffix -ya, used for verbs with prefixes.

Prefix: vi

Root: hā (class 3)

Note: Denotes an action completed before the main verb.

सीताम् (sītām) - Sita

(proper noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of sītā

sītā - Sita, furrow (name of Janaka's daughter)

Note: Object of `vihāya`.

मदनेन (madanena) - by lust, by Kāma (the god of love)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of madana

madana - lust, passion, god of love (Kāma)

From root 'mad' (to be intoxicated, delighted).

Root: mad (class 4)

Note: Agent of `mohitaḥ`.

मोहितः (mohitaḥ) - deluded, infatuated, bewildered

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mohita

mohita - bewildered, deluded, infatuated

Past Passive Participle

From causative of root 'muh' (to be bewildered).

Root: muh (class 4)

Note: Qualifies Ravana (`saḥ rāvaṇaḥ`).

स्वम् (svam) - his own

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sva

sva - one's own, property, self

Note: Qualifies `veśma`.

एव (eva) - indeed, only, certainly

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphasizes 'his own'.

वेश्म (veśma) - house, palace, abode

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of veśman

veśman - house, abode, palace

Root: viś (class 6)

Note: Object of `praviveśa`.

प्रविवेश (praviveśa) - he entered

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of praviś

Perfect tense, 3rd person singular, active voice. Reduplicated root viś with prefix pra-.

Prefix: pra

Root: viś (class 6)

भास्वरम् (bhāsvaram) - shining, radiant, resplendent

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of bhāsvara

bhāsvara - shining, bright, brilliant

From root 'bhās' (to shine) with suffix -vara.

Root: bhās (class 1)

Note: Qualifies `veśma`.