वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-5, chapter-20, verse-28

अवेक्षमाणो वैदेहीं कोपसंरक्तलोचनः ।
उवाच रावणः सीतां भुजंग इव निःश्वसन् ॥२८॥

28. avekṣamāṇo vaidehīṃ kopasaṃraktalocanaḥ ,
uvāca rāvaṇaḥ sītāṃ bhujaṃga iva niḥśvasan.

28. avekṣamāṇaḥ vaidehīm kopasaṃraktalocanaḥ
uvāca rāvaṇaḥ sītām bhujaṅgaḥ iva niḥśvasan

28. kopasaṃraktalocanaḥ rāvaṇaḥ vaidehīm
avekṣamāṇaḥ bhujaṅgaḥ iva niḥśvasan sītām uvāca

28. With eyes reddened by anger, Ravana, looking at Vaidehi (Sita), spoke to Sita, hissing like a snake.

Words meanings summery:

• अवेक्षमाणः (avekṣamāṇaḥ) - looking at, observing, beholding

• वैदेहीम् (vaidehīm) - to Sita, the princess of Videha (to Vaidehi, to Sita)

• कोपसंरक्तलोचनः (kopasaṁraktalocanaḥ) - Ravana, whose eyes were reddened by anger (whose eyes were reddened by anger)

• उवाच (uvāca) - spoke, said

• रावणः (rāvaṇaḥ) - Ravana

• सीताम् (sītām) - to Sita

• भुजङ्गः (bhujaṅgaḥ) - snake, serpent

• इव (iva) - like, as, as if

• निःश्वसन् (niḥśvasan) - hissing, sighing, breathing out

Words meanings and morphology

अवेक्षमाणः (avekṣamāṇaḥ) - looking at, observing, beholding

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of avekṣamāṇa

avekṣamāṇa - looking at, observing, beholding

Present Active Participle

Derived from √īkṣ (to see) with ava prefix, forming the present active participle in śānac (ātmanepada).

Prefix: ava

Root: īkṣ (class 1)

वैदेहीम् (vaidehīm) - to Sita, the princess of Videha (to Vaidehi, to Sita)

(proper noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of vaidehī

vaidehī - Vaidehi (epithet of Sita, as princess of Videha)

कोपसंरक्तलोचनः (kopasaṁraktalocanaḥ) - Ravana, whose eyes were reddened by anger (whose eyes were reddened by anger)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kopasaṃraktalocana

kopasaṁraktalocana - whose eyes are red with anger

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (kopa+saṃrakta+locana)

• kopa – anger, wrath
  noun (masculine)
  Root: kup (class 4)
• saṃrakta – reddened, deeply colored
  participle (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from √rañj (to color) with sam prefix.
  Prefix: sam
  Root: rañj (class 1)
• locana – eye
  noun (neuter)
  Root: loc

Note: Adjective describing Ravana.

उवाच (uvāca) - spoke, said

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect Tense

Irregular perfect formation of √vac (Pāṇini 2.4.53).

Root: vac (class 2)

रावणः (rāvaṇaḥ) - Ravana

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rāvaṇa

rāvaṇa - Ravana (the name of the Rakshasa king)

Note: Subject of uvāca.

सीताम् (sītām) - to Sita

(proper noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of sītā

sītā - Sita (the name of Rama's wife)

Note: Object of uvāca.

भुजङ्गः (bhujaṅgaḥ) - snake, serpent

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhujaṅga

bhujaṅga - snake, serpent (literally 'moving by arm/shoulder')

Compound of bhuja (arm/shoulder) and ga (going).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (bhuja+gam)

• bhuja – arm, hand, curve
  noun (masculine)
• gam – to go, to move
  verb
  Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Part of the simile 'like a snake'.

इव (iva) - like, as, as if

(indeclinable)

Note: Particle indicating comparison.

निःश्वसन् (niḥśvasan) - hissing, sighing, breathing out

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of niḥśvasat

niḥśvasat - hissing, sighing, breathing out

Present Active Participle

Derived from √śvas (to breathe) with nis prefix, forming the present active participle in śatṛ.

Prefix: nis

Root: śvas (class 2)

Note: Describes Ravana's action.