वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-5, chapter-20, verse-37

उपगम्य ततः क्षिप्रं राक्षसी धान्यमालिनी ।
परिष्वज्य दशग्रीवमिदं वचनमब्रवीत् ॥३७॥

37. upagamya tataḥ kṣipraṃ rākṣasī dhānyamālinī ,
pariṣvajya daśagrīvamidaṃ vacanamabravīt.

37. upagamya tataḥ kṣipram rākṣasī dhānyamālinī
pariṣvajya daśagrīvam idam vacanam abravīt

37. tataḥ kṣipram upagamya rākṣasī dhānyamālinī
daśagrīvam pariṣvajya idam vacanam abravīt

37. Then, quickly approaching, the demoness Dhānyamālinī, having embraced Rāvaṇa (Daśagrīva), spoke these words.

Words meanings summery:

• उपगम्य (upagamya) - having approached, having gone near

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereupon, from there

• क्षिप्रम् (kṣipram) - quickly, swiftly, immediately

• राक्षसी (rākṣasī) - a female demon, a demoness

• धान्यमालिनी (dhānyamālinī) - Dhānyamālinī (proper name)

• परिष्वज्य (pariṣvajya) - having embraced

• दशग्रीवम् (daśagrīvam) - Rāvaṇa, the ten-necked one

• इदम् (idam) - this

• वचनम् (vacanam) - word, speech, statement

• अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - she spoke, she said

Words meanings and morphology

उपगम्य (upagamya) - having approached, having gone near

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Derived from root √gam (1st class, gacchati) with prefix upa. Formed with suffix -ya.

Prefix: upa

Root: gam (class 1)

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereupon, from there

(indeclinable)

Avyaya from tad.

क्षिप्रम् (kṣipram) - quickly, swiftly, immediately

(indeclinable)

Root: kṣip (class 6)

Note: Adverbial accusative singular neuter.

राक्षसी (rākṣasī) - a female demon, a demoness

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of rākṣasī

rākṣasī - a female demon

Feminine form of rākṣasa.

धान्यमालिनी (dhānyamālinī) - Dhānyamālinī (proper name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of dhānyamālinī

dhānyamālinī - a proper name (feminine), 'wearing a garland of grain'

Feminine form of dhānyamālin. Compound of dhānya (grain) and mālin (garland-wearing).

परिष्वज्य (pariṣvajya) - having embraced

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Derived from root √svaj (1st class, svajati) with prefix pari. svaj becomes ṣvaj due to pari. Formed with suffix -ya.

Prefix: pari

Root: svaj (class 1)

दशग्रीवम् (daśagrīvam) - Rāvaṇa, the ten-necked one

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of daśagrīva

daśagrīva - 'ten-necked', an epithet of Rāvaṇa

Bahuvrīhi compound: daśa (ten) + grīva (neck).

Compound type : Bahuvrīhi (daśa+grīva)

• daśa – ten
  numeral
• grīva – neck, throat
  noun (feminine)

इदम् (idam) - this

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this (neuter nominative/accusative singular)

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Agrees with vacanam.

वचनम् (vacanam) - word, speech, statement

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vacana

vacana - word, speech, statement

Derived from root √vac (2nd class, vakti).

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Object of abravīt.

अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - she spoke, she said

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of brū

Imperfect past

Root √brū (2nd class, bravīti). a augment for imperfect.

Root: brū (class 2)

Note: Subject is rākṣasī dhānyamālinī.