वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-3, chapter-49, verse-40

ततस्तु तं पत्ररथं महीतले निपातितं रावणवेगमर्दितम् ।
पुनः परिष्वज्य शशिप्रभानना रुरोद सीता जनकात्मजा तदा ॥४०॥

40. tatastu taṃ patrarathaṃ mahītale nipātitaṃ rāvaṇavegamarditam ,
punaḥ pariṣvajya śaśiprabhānanā ruroda sītā janakātmajā tadā.

40. tataḥ tu tam patraratham mahītale
nipātitam rāvaṇavegamarditam
punaḥ pariṣvajya śaśiprabhānanā
ruroda sītā janakātmajā tadā

40. tadā janakātmajā śaśiprabhānanā sītā,
tataḥ tu rāvaṇavegamarditam mahītale nipātitam tam patraratham punaḥ pariṣvajya ruroda

40. Then, Sītā, daughter of Janaka, whose face shone like the moon, again embraced that bird (Jaṭāyu), who lay fallen on the ground, overwhelmed by Rāvaṇa's might, and she wept.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, after the event of Jaṭāyu's fall (then, therefrom, after that)

• तु (tu) - indeed, emphasizing the subsequent action (but, indeed, however, on the other hand)

• तम् (tam) - that (Jaṭāyu) (him, that)

• पत्ररथम् (patraratham) - the bird, Jaṭāyu (bird (lit. 'wing-chariot'))

• महीतले (mahītale) - on the ground (on the surface of the earth)

• निपातितम् (nipātitam) - fallen (to the ground) (fallen, struck down, thrown down)

• रावणवेगमर्दितम् (rāvaṇavegamarditam) - overwhelmed by Rāvaṇa's might (crushed by Rāvaṇa's force/speed)

• पुनः (punaḥ) - again (re-embraced) (again, further, moreover)

• परिष्वज्य (pariṣvajya) - embracing

• शशिप्रभानना (śaśiprabhānanā) - whose face shone like the moon (moon-faced, having a face like the moon)

• रुरोद (ruroda) - she wept (she cried, she wept)

• सीता (sītā) - Sītā, the wife of Rāma (Sītā (name))

• जनकात्मजा (janakātmajā) - Janaka's daughter (Sītā) (daughter of Janaka)

• तदा (tadā) - at that moment (then, at that time)

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then, after the event of Jaṭāyu's fall (then, therefrom, after that)

(indeclinable)

from 'tad' (that) + 'tas' suffix (ablative sense)

तु (tu) - indeed, emphasizing the subsequent action (but, indeed, however, on the other hand)

(indeclinable)

तम् (tam) - that (Jaṭāyu) (him, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Masculine accusative singular of 'tad'.

पत्ररथम् (patraratham) - the bird, Jaṭāyu (bird (lit. 'wing-chariot'))

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of patraratha

patraratha - bird, lit. 'one whose chariot is wings'

Compound type : bahuvrihi (patra+ratha)

• patra – wing, leaf, feather
  noun (neuter)
• ratha – chariot, vehicle
  noun (masculine)

महीतले (mahītale) - on the ground (on the surface of the earth)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of mahītala

mahītala - surface of the earth, ground

Compound type : tatpurusha (mahī+tala)

• mahī – earth, ground
  noun (feminine)
• tala – surface, plane, ground
  noun (neuter)

निपातितम् (nipātitam) - fallen (to the ground) (fallen, struck down, thrown down)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of nipātita

nipātita - fallen, thrown down, struck down

Past Passive Participle

from √pat (to fall) with prefix ni, causative 'pātay' + kta

Prefix: ni

Root: pat (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'patraratham'.

रावणवेगमर्दितम् (rāvaṇavegamarditam) - overwhelmed by Rāvaṇa's might (crushed by Rāvaṇa's force/speed)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of rāvaṇavegamardita

rāvaṇavegamardita - crushed by Rāvaṇa's speed/force

Past Passive Participle

Compound (Tatpuruṣa) ending in a PPP. 'mardita' from √mṛd (to crush).

Compound type : tatpurusha (rāvaṇa+vega+mardita)

• rāvaṇa – Rāvaṇa (proper name)
  proper noun (masculine)
• vega – speed, force, impulse, might
  noun (masculine)
• mardita – crushed, trampled, afflicted
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  from √mṛd (to crush) + kta
  Root: mṛd (class 7)

Note: Agrees with 'patraratham'.

पुनः (punaḥ) - again (re-embraced) (again, further, moreover)

(indeclinable)

परिष्वज्य (pariṣvajya) - embracing

(indeclinable)

Absolutive/Gerund

from √svaj (to embrace) with prefix pari; suffix -ya

Prefix: pari

Root: svaj (class 1)

Note: Forms an action completed before the main verb 'ruroda'.

शशिप्रभानना (śaśiprabhānanā) - whose face shone like the moon (moon-faced, having a face like the moon)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of śaśiprabhānana

śaśiprabhānana - moon-faced, having a face shining like the moon

Compound type : bahuvrihi (śaśin+prabhā+ānana)

• śaśin – moon
  noun (masculine)
• prabhā – light, splendor, luster
  noun (feminine)
• ānana – face, mouth
  noun (neuter)

Note: Agrees with 'Sītā' and 'Janakātmajā'.

रुरोद (ruroda) - she wept (she cried, she wept)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, Perfect (Lit) of rud

Perfect Active

Perfect 3rd person singular, active voice

Root: rud (class 2)

Note: Subject is 'Sītā'.

सीता (sītā) - Sītā, the wife of Rāma (Sītā (name))

(proper noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of sītā

sītā - Sītā (proper name of Janaka's daughter, wife of Rāma)

Note: Subject of 'ruroda'.

जनकात्मजा (janakātmajā) - Janaka's daughter (Sītā) (daughter of Janaka)

(proper noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of janakātmajā

janakātmajā - daughter of Janaka

Compound type : tatpurusha (janaka+ātmajā)

• janaka – Janaka (proper name, king of Videha)
  proper noun (masculine)
• ātmajā – daughter (lit. 'self-born')
  noun (feminine)
  Root: jan (class 4)

Note: In apposition to 'Sītā'.

तदा (tadā) - at that moment (then, at that time)

(indeclinable)

from 'tad' (that) + 'dā' suffix (time sense)