वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-3, chapter-49, verse-4

तद्बभूवाद्भुतं युद्धं गृध्रराक्षसयोस्तदा ।
सपक्षयोर्माल्यवतोर्महापर्वतयोरिव ॥४॥

4. tadbabhūvādbhutaṃ yuddhaṃ gṛdhrarākṣasayostadā ,
sapakṣayormālyavatormahāparvatayoriva.

4. tad babhūva adbhutam yuddham gṛdhrarākṣasayoḥ
tadā | sapakṣayoḥ mālyavatoḥ mahāparvatayoḥ iva

4. tadā gṛdhrarākṣasayoḥ adbhutam yuddham babhūva,
sapakṣayoḥ mālyavatoḥ mahāparvatayoḥ iva.

4. Then, an astonishing battle occurred between the vulture and the Rākṣasa, resembling two great, winged mountains adorned with garlands (of clouds or trees).

Words meanings summery:

• तद् (tad) - then, at that time (referring to the battle) (that, then, so)

• बभूव (babhūva) - occurred, took place (became, was, happened)

• अद्भुतम् (adbhutam) - astonishing (amazing, wonderful, astonishing)

• युद्धम् (yuddham) - battle (battle, fight, war)

• गृध्रराक्षसयोः (gṛdhrarākṣasayoḥ) - between the vulture (Jaṭāyu) and the Rākṣasa (Rāvaṇa) (of the vulture and the Rākṣasa)

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that moment (then, at that time)

• सपक्षयोः (sapakṣayoḥ) - of the two (mountains) with wings (of the two with wings, of the two winged ones)

• माल्यवतोः (mālyavatoḥ) - of the two (mountains) adorned with garlands (of clouds or trees) (of the two garlanded, of the two adorned)

• महापर्वतयोः (mahāparvatayoḥ) - of the two great mountains

• इव (iva) - like, resembling (like, as, as if)

Words meanings and morphology

तद् (tad) - then, at that time (referring to the battle) (that, then, so)

(indeclinable)

Note: Can also be nominative/accusative neuter singular, but here functions as an indeclinable adverbial 'then' or linking particle.

बभूव (babhūva) - occurred, took place (became, was, happened)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of bhū

Perfect tense, 3rd person singular, active voice

Root: bhū (class 1)

अद्भुतम् (adbhutam) - astonishing (amazing, wonderful, astonishing)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of adbhuta

adbhuta - wonderful, astonishing, marvellous

Note: Agrees with `yuddham`.

युद्धम् (yuddham) - battle (battle, fight, war)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yuddha

yuddha - battle, fight, war

Past Passive Participle

From root 'yudh' (to fight)

Root: yudh (class 4)

Note: Subject of `babhūva`.

गृध्रराक्षसयोः (gṛdhrarākṣasayoḥ) - between the vulture (Jaṭāyu) and the Rākṣasa (Rāvaṇa) (of the vulture and the Rākṣasa)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, dual of gṛdhrarākṣasa

gṛdhrarākṣasa - vulture and Rākṣasa

Compound type : dvandva (gṛdhra+rākṣasa)

• gṛdhra – vulture
  noun (masculine)
• rākṣasa – Rākṣasa, demon
  noun (masculine)

Note: Indicates the participants of the battle.

तदा (tadā) - then, at that moment (then, at that time)

(indeclinable)

Adverb derived from 'tad'

सपक्षयोः (sapakṣayoḥ) - of the two (mountains) with wings (of the two with wings, of the two winged ones)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, dual of sapakṣa

sapakṣa - having wings, winged; allied

Preceded by 'sa' (with, having)

Compound type : bahuvrihi (sa+pakṣa)

• sa – with, together with
  indeclinable
  Prefix/Preposition
• pakṣa – wing, side, party
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agrees with `mahāparvatayoḥ`.

माल्यवतोः (mālyavatoḥ) - of the two (mountains) adorned with garlands (of clouds or trees) (of the two garlanded, of the two adorned)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, dual of mālyavat

mālyavat - garlanded, adorned with garlands; bearing flowers; (name of a mountain)

Derived from 'mālya' (garland) + 'vat' (possessive suffix)

Note: Agrees with `mahāparvatayoḥ`.

महापर्वतयोः (mahāparvatayoḥ) - of the two great mountains

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, dual of mahāparvata

mahāparvata - great mountain

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+parvata)

• mahā – great, large
  adjective
• parvata – mountain, hill
  noun (masculine)

Note: Refers to the two mountains to which the vulture and Rākṣasa are compared.

इव (iva) - like, resembling (like, as, as if)

(indeclinable)

Note: Indicates comparison.