वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-3, chapter-49, verse-18

तं प्रहृष्टं निधायाङ्के गच्छन्तं जनकात्मजाम् ।
गृध्रराजः समुत्पत्य जटायुरिदमब्रवीत् ॥१८॥

18. taṃ prahṛṣṭaṃ nidhāyāṅke gacchantaṃ janakātmajām ,
gṛdhrarājaḥ samutpatya jaṭāyuridamabravīt.

18. tam prahṛṣṭam nidhāya aṅke gacchantam janakātmajām
gṛdhrarājaḥ samutpatya jaṭāyuḥ idam abravīt

18. gṛdhrarājaḥ jaṭāyuḥ tam prahṛṣṭam janakātmajām
aṅke nidhāya gacchantam samutpatya idam abravīt

18. As Rāvaṇa, joyful and carrying Sītā (Janaka's daughter) on his lap, was proceeding, Jatāyu, the king of vultures, flew up and spoke this.

Words meanings summery:

• तम् (tam) - Refers to Rāvaṇa. (him, that (masculine singular accusative))

• प्रहृष्टम् (prahṛṣṭam) - greatly delighted, very joyful, extremely happy

• निधाय (nidhāya) - having placed, having put, having laid down

• अङ्के (aṅke) - on the lap, in the embrace, on the side

• गच्छन्तम् (gacchantam) - going, moving, proceeding

• जनकात्मजाम् (janakātmajām) - Refers to Sītā. (Janaka's daughter, Sītā)

• गृध्रराजः (gṛdhrarājaḥ) - Refers to Jatāyu. (the king of vultures)

• समुत्पत्य (samutpatya) - having flown up, having risen up

• जटायुः (jaṭāyuḥ) - Jatāyu (proper noun)

• इदम् (idam) - Refers to the following speech. (this (neuter singular accusative))

• अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - he spoke, he said

Words meanings and morphology

तम् (tam) - Refers to Rāvaṇa. (him, that (masculine singular accusative))

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, that one

Note: Object of observation by Jatayu.

प्रहृष्टम् (prahṛṣṭam) - greatly delighted, very joyful, extremely happy

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of prahṛṣṭa

prahṛṣṭa - greatly gladdened, very joyful

Past Passive Participle

From root hṛṣ (to be glad) with upasarga pra- and suffix -ta.

Prefix: pra

Root: hṛṣ (class 4)

निधाय (nidhāya) - having placed, having put, having laid down

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From root dhā (to place) with upasarga ni- and suffix -ya.

Prefix: ni

Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: Expresses an action completed before the main verb.

अङ्के (aṅke) - on the lap, in the embrace, on the side

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of aṅka

aṅka - lap, side, embrace, mark

गच्छन्तम् (gacchantam) - going, moving, proceeding

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of gacchat

gacchat - going, moving

Present Active Participle

From root gam (to go) + present participle suffix -śatṛ.

Root: gam (class 1)

जनकात्मजाम् (janakātmajām) - Refers to Sītā. (Janaka's daughter, Sītā)

(proper noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of janakātmajā

janakātmajā - daughter of Janaka

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (janaka+ātmajā)

• janaka – Janaka (proper name, king of Mithila)
  proper noun (masculine)
• ātmajā – daughter, born from oneself
  noun (feminine)
  From ātman (self) + jā (born from)
  Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Object of 'nidhāya'.

गृध्रराजः (gṛdhrarājaḥ) - Refers to Jatāyu. (the king of vultures)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of gṛdhrarāja

gṛdhrarāja - king of vultures

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (gṛdhra+rāja)

• gṛdhra – vulture
  noun (masculine)
• rāja – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)

Note: Subject of 'abravīt'.

समुत्पत्य (samutpatya) - having flown up, having risen up

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From root pat (to fly) with upasargas sam- and ut- and suffix -ya.

Prefixes: sam+ut

Root: pat (class 1)

Note: Expresses an action completed before the main verb.

जटायुः (jaṭāyuḥ) - Jatāyu (proper noun)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jaṭāyu

jaṭāyu - Jatāyu (name of a king of vultures in the Ramayana)

Note: Apposition to 'gṛdhrarājaḥ'.

इदम् (idam) - Refers to the following speech. (this (neuter singular accusative))

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, this one

Note: Object of 'spoke'.

अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - he spoke, he said

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of brū

Imperfect tense, active voice

From root brū (to speak). Imperfect 3rd person singular.

Root: brū (class 2)