वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-3, chapter-49, verse-2

संरक्तनयनः कोपात्तप्तकाञ्चनकुण्डलः ।
राक्षसेन्द्रो ऽभिदुद्राव पतगेन्द्रममर्षणः ॥२॥

2. saṃraktanayanaḥ kopāttaptakāñcanakuṇḍalaḥ ,
rākṣasendro'bhidudrāva patagendramamarṣaṇaḥ.

2. saṃraktanayanaḥ kopāt taptakāñcanakuṇḍalaḥ
rākṣasendraḥ abhidudrāva patagendram amarṣaṇaḥ

2. rākṣasendraḥ saṃraktanayanaḥ kopāt
taptakāñcanakuṇḍalaḥ amarṣaṇaḥ patagendram abhidudrāva

2. The lord of Rākṣasas (Rākṣasendraḥ), with eyes reddened from wrath and wearing ear-rings of molten gold, furious and intolerant, rushed towards the lord of birds.

Words meanings summery:

• संरक्तनयनः (saṁraktanayanaḥ) - having reddened eyes

• कोपात् (kopāt) - from anger, due to wrath

• तप्तकाञ्चनकुण्डलः (taptakāñcanakuṇḍalaḥ) - having ear-rings of heated gold, with ear-rings of molten gold

• राक्षसेन्द्रः (rākṣasendraḥ) - Rāvaṇa, the king of demons (lord of Rākṣasas)

• अभिदुद्राव (abhidudrāva) - he rushed towards, he attacked

• पतगेन्द्रम् (patagendram) - Jaṭāyu, the king of vultures (the lord of birds)

• अमर्षणः (amarṣaṇaḥ) - intolerant, impatient, furious, enraged

Words meanings and morphology

संरक्तनयनः (saṁraktanayanaḥ) - having reddened eyes

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃraktanayana

saṁraktanayana - having very red eyes, with bloodshot eyes

Compound of 'sam-rakta' (very red, intensely colored) and 'nayana' (eye).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (samrakta+nayana)

• samrakta – very red, thoroughly colored
  participle (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'rañj' (to color) with prefix 'sam'.
  Prefix: sam
  Root: rañj (class 1)
• nayana – eye, leading, guiding
  noun (neuter)
  From root 'nī' (to lead) + 'ana' suffix.
  Root: nī (class 1)

Note: Describes 'rākṣasendraḥ'.

कोपात् (kopāt) - from anger, due to wrath

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of kopa

kopa - anger, wrath, fury

From root 'kup' (to be angry).

Root: kup (class 4)

Note: Cause for the eyes being reddened.

तप्तकाञ्चनकुण्डलः (taptakāñcanakuṇḍalaḥ) - having ear-rings of heated gold, with ear-rings of molten gold

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of taptakāñcanakuṇḍala

taptakāñcanakuṇḍala - having ear-rings made of heated/molten gold

Bahuvrīhi compound: 'one whose ear-rings are of heated gold'. Compound of 'tapta' (heated/molten), 'kāñcana' (gold), 'kuṇḍala' (ear-ring).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (tapta+kāñcana+kuṇḍala)

• tapta – heated, molten, glowing, tormented
  participle (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'tap' (to heat, burn) + 'kta' suffix.
  Root: tap (class 1)
• kāñcana – gold, golden
  noun (neuter)
  Derived from 'kāñcī' (gold).
• kuṇḍala – ear-ring, bracelet, ring
  noun (neuter)

Note: Describes 'rākṣasendraḥ'.

राक्षसेन्द्रः (rākṣasendraḥ) - Rāvaṇa, the king of demons (lord of Rākṣasas)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rākṣasendra

rākṣasendra - chief of Rākṣasas, lord of demons

Compound of 'rākṣasa' (demon) and 'indra' (lord, chief).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (rākṣasa+indra)

• rākṣasa – demon, goblin, Rākṣasa
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from 'rakṣas' 'harm, demon'.
  Root: rakṣ (class 1)
• indra – lord, chief, the god Indra
  noun (masculine)
  Root: id

Note: Subject of the verb 'abhidudrāva'.

अभिदुद्राव (abhidudrāva) - he rushed towards, he attacked

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of dru

Perfect active indicative

Root 'dru' (1st class) with prefix 'abhi', perfect stem 'dudrāva'.

Prefix: abhi

Root: dru (class 1)

पतगेन्द्रम् (patagendram) - Jaṭāyu, the king of vultures (the lord of birds)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of patagendra

patagendra - chief of birds, king of birds

Compound of 'pataga' (bird) and 'indra' (lord, chief).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (pataga+indra)

• pataga – bird, one who flies
  noun (masculine)
  From root 'pat' (to fly/fall) + 'aga' (going).
  Root: pat (class 1)
• indra – lord, chief, the god Indra
  noun (masculine)
  Root: id

Note: Object of the verb 'abhidudrāva'.

अमर्षणः (amarṣaṇaḥ) - intolerant, impatient, furious, enraged

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of amarṣaṇa

amarṣaṇa - intolerant, impatient, furious, irrepressible

From 'a-marṣaṇa' (not enduring). Root 'mṛṣ' (to endure) + 'ana' suffix + negative prefix 'a'.

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+marṣaṇa)

• a – not, un-, non-
  indeclinable
  Negative particle.
• marṣaṇa – enduring, patient, tolerable
  adjective (masculine)
  From root 'mṛṣ' (to endure) + 'ana' suffix.
  Root: mṛṣ (class 4)

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