वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-3, chapter-49, verse-3

स संप्रहारस्तुमुलस्तयोस्तस्मिन्महावने ।
बभूव वातोद्धतयोर्मेघयोर्गगने यथा ॥३॥

3. sa saṃprahārastumulastayostasminmahāvane ,
babhūva vātoddhatayormeghayorgagane yathā.

3. saḥ saṃprahāraḥ tumulaḥ tayoḥ tasmin mahāvane
babhūva vātoddhatayoḥ meghayoḥ gagane yathā

3. tasmin mahāvane tayoḥ saḥ tumulaḥ saṃprahāraḥ
gagane vātoddhatayoḥ meghayoḥ yathā babhūva

3. That tumultuous conflict between the two of them in that great forest unfolded just as the wind-agitated clouds clash in the sky.

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - that (masculine nominative singular)

• संप्रहारः (saṁprahāraḥ) - clash, combat, conflict, encounter

• तुमुलः (tumulaḥ) - tumultuous, fierce, violent, agitated

• तयोः (tayoḥ) - of those two, between those two

• तस्मिन् (tasmin) - in that (locative singular masculine/neuter)

• महावने (mahāvane) - in the great forest

• बभूव (babhūva) - it happened, it occurred, it was

• वातोद्धतयोः (vātoddhatayoḥ) - of the two agitated by wind, of the two stirred by wind

• मेघयोः (meghayoḥ) - of the two clouds

• गगने (gagane) - in the sky

• यथा (yathā) - just as, like, as

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - that (masculine nominative singular)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun.

संप्रहारः (saṁprahāraḥ) - clash, combat, conflict, encounter

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃprahāra

saṁprahāra - a clash, combat, struggle, encounter

From root 'hṛ' (to take) with prefixes 'sam-pra'.

Prefixes: sam+pra

Root: hṛ (class 1)

Note: Subject of the sentence.

तुमुलः (tumulaḥ) - tumultuous, fierce, violent, agitated

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tumula

tumula - tumultuous, fierce, violent, noisy, agitated

Perhaps from root 'tum' 'to hurt, injure' or sound related.

Root: tum

तयोः (tayoḥ) - of those two, between those two

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, dual of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Indicates a relationship 'between' the two.

तस्मिन् (tasmin) - in that (locative singular masculine/neuter)

(pronoun)

Locative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Adjective for 'mahāvane'.

महावने (mahāvane) - in the great forest

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of mahāvana

mahāvana - great forest, extensive forest

Compound of 'mahā' (great) and 'vana' (forest).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+vana)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective (feminine)
  Feminine stem of 'mahat'.
• vana – forest, wood, grove
  noun (neuter)
  Root: van (class 1)

Note: Location of the combat.

बभूव (babhūva) - it happened, it occurred, it was

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of bhū

Perfect active indicative

Root 'bhū' (1st class) forms perfect 'babhūva' (reduplicated stem).

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Its subject is 'saṃprahāraḥ'.

वातोद्धतयोः (vātoddhatayoḥ) - of the two agitated by wind, of the two stirred by wind

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, dual of vātoddhata

vātoddhata - agitated/stirred by wind

Compound of 'vāta' (wind) and 'uddhata' (agitated, uplifted).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vāta+uddhata)

• vāta – wind, air
  noun (masculine)
  From root 'vā' (to blow).
  Root: vā (class 2)
• uddhata – agitated, arrogant, uplifted, flung up
  participle (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'han' (to strike) with prefix 'ud' (up) and 'dhā' (to place) -> 'ud-dhṛ' (to lift up, stir) or 'ud-han' (to strike up).
  Prefix: ud
  Root: han (class 2)

Note: Adjective modifying 'meghayoḥ'.

मेघयोः (meghayoḥ) - of the two clouds

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, dual of megha

megha - cloud

From root 'mih' (to sprinkle, shed moisture).

Root: mih (class 1)

Note: Genitive indicating possession or association.

गगने (gagane) - in the sky

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of gagana

gagana - sky, atmosphere, heaven

From root 'gam' (to go) + 'gana' (going).

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Location for the comparison.

यथा (yathā) - just as, like, as

(indeclinable)