वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-3, chapter-49, verse-38

तं दृष्ट्वा पतितं भूमौ क्षतजार्द्रं जटायुषम् ।
अभ्यधावत वैदेही स्वबन्धुमिव दुःखिता ॥३८॥

38. taṃ dṛṣṭvā patitaṃ bhūmau kṣatajārdraṃ jaṭāyuṣam ,
abhyadhāvata vaidehī svabandhumiva duḥkhitā.

38. tam dṛṣṭvā patitam bhūmau kṣatajārdram jaṭāyuṣam
abhyadhāvata vaidehī svabandhum iva duḥkhitā

38. duḥkhitā vaidehī tam bhūmau patitam kṣatajārdram
jaṭāyuṣam dṛṣṭvā svabandhum iva abhyadhāvata

38. Seeing Jatayu, who had fallen to the ground and was soaked in blood, distressed Sita (Vaidehī) ran towards him as if he were her own kin.

Words meanings summery:

• तम् (tam) - Jatayu (him)

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

• पतितम् (patitam) - fallen

• भूमौ (bhūmau) - on the ground, on the earth

• क्षतजार्द्रम् (kṣatajārdram) - wet with blood, soaked in blood

• जटायुषम् (jaṭāyuṣam) - Jatayu (name of a vulture king)

• अभ्यधावत (abhyadhāvata) - Sita ran towards (Jatayu) (she ran towards)

• वैदेही (vaidehī) - Sita (Princess of Videha)

• स्वबन्धुम् (svabandhum) - her own relative/kinsman

• इव (iva) - like, as if, as

• दुःखिता (duḥkhitā) - distressed, sorrowful, grieved

Words meanings and morphology

तम् (tam) - Jatayu (him)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, him

Note: Object of 'dṛṣṭvā'.

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

(indeclinable)

Absolutive

Formed from root 'dṛś' (to see). Also called a 'gerund'. The stem form is 'dṛṣṭa' (P.P.P.), from which the Absolutive 'dṛṣṭvā' is formed.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

पतितम् (patitam) - fallen

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of patita

patita - fallen, descended

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'pat' (to fall).

Root: pat (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'Jatayuṣam'.

भूमौ (bhūmau) - on the ground, on the earth

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of bhūmi

bhūmi - earth, ground, land

क्षतजार्द्रम् (kṣatajārdram) - wet with blood, soaked in blood

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kṣatajārdra

kṣatajārdra - wet with blood

Compound type : tatpurusha (kṣataja+ārdra)

• kṣataja – blood (lit. 'wound-born')
  noun (neuter)
• ārdra – wet, moist
  adjective

Note: Qualifies 'Jatayuṣam'.

जटायुषम् (jaṭāyuṣam) - Jatayu (name of a vulture king)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of jaṭāyu

jaṭāyu - Jatayu (a mythical vulture king)

Note: Object of 'dṛṣṭvā'.

अभ्यधावत (abhyadhāvata) - Sita ran towards (Jatayu) (she ran towards)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of dhāv

Imperfect Active

Third person singular, active voice, imperfect tense. Formed with prefixes 'abhi' (towards) and 'ā' (implying speed/intensity or direction). The 'a' ending for the 3rd singular imperfect active is sometimes found in epic Sanskrit.

Prefixes: abhi+ā

Root: dhāv (class 1)

वैदेही (vaidehī) - Sita (Princess of Videha)

(proper noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of vaidehī

vaidehī - Sita, princess of Videha (daughter of Janaka)

Feminine derivative from 'videha' (name of a kingdom).

Note: Subject of 'abhyadhāvata'.

स्वबन्धुम् (svabandhum) - her own relative/kinsman

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of svabandhu

svabandhu - one's own relative/kinsman

Compound type : tatpurusha (sva+bandhu)

• sva – own, one's own
  pronoun
• bandhu – relative, kinsman, friend
  noun (masculine)

इव (iva) - like, as if, as

(indeclinable)

Particle expressing comparison.

दुःखिता (duḥkhitā) - distressed, sorrowful, grieved

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of duḥkhita

duḥkhita - distressed, sorrowful, afflicted

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'duḥkh' (to suffer, to be distressed). Feminine nominative singular form.

Root: duḥkh (class 10)

Note: Qualifies 'Vaidehī'.