वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-3, chapter-49, verse-17

परिश्रान्तं तु तं दृष्ट्वा जरया पक्षियूथपम् ।
उत्पपात पुनर्हृष्टो मैथिलीं गृह्य रावणः ॥१७॥

17. pariśrāntaṃ tu taṃ dṛṣṭvā jarayā pakṣiyūthapam ,
utpapāta punarhṛṣṭo maithilīṃ gṛhya rāvaṇaḥ.

17. pariśrāntam tu tam dṛṣṭvā jarayā pakṣiyūthapam
utpapāta punaḥ hṛṣṭaḥ maithilīm gṛhya rāvaṇaḥ

17. rāvaṇaḥ tu jarayā pariśrāntam tam pakṣiyūthapam
dṛṣṭvā punaḥ hṛṣṭaḥ maithilīm gṛhya utpapāta

17. However, seeing that leader of birds (Jatāyu) exhausted by old age, Rāvaṇa, becoming joyful again, flew upwards, seizing Sītā (Maithilī).

Words meanings summery:

• परिश्रान्तम् (pariśrāntam) - exhausted, very tired, fatigued

• तु (tu) - but, however, on the other hand

• तम् (tam) - Refers to Jatāyu. (him, that (masculine singular accusative))

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen, after seeing

• जरया (jarayā) - by old age, due to decay

• पक्षियूथपम् (pakṣiyūthapam) - Refers to Jatāyu. (the leader of birds, chief of birds)

• उत्पपात (utpapāta) - he flew up, he rose up

• पुनः (punaḥ) - again, anew, furthermore

• हृष्टः (hṛṣṭaḥ) - joyful, delighted, gladdened, happy

• मैथिलीम् (maithilīm) - Refers to Sītā. (Maithilī (daughter of the King of Mithila), Sītā)

• गृह्य (gṛhya) - having seized, having taken, taking hold of

• रावणः (rāvaṇaḥ) - Rāvaṇa (proper noun)

Words meanings and morphology

परिश्रान्तम् (pariśrāntam) - exhausted, very tired, fatigued

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of pariśrānta

pariśrānta - exhausted, very tired

Past Passive Participle

From root śram (to be weary) with upasarga pari- and suffix -ta.

Prefix: pari

Root: śram (class 4)

Note: Qualifies 'tam' (him, i.e., Jatāyu).

तु (tu) - but, however, on the other hand

(indeclinable)

तम् (tam) - Refers to Jatāyu. (him, that (masculine singular accusative))

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, that one

Note: Object of 'seeing'.

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen, after seeing

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed with the suffix -tvā from the root dṛś.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Expresses an action completed before the main verb.

जरया (jarayā) - by old age, due to decay

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of jarā

jarā - old age, decay, decrepitude

Note: Indicates cause.

पक्षियूथपम् (pakṣiyūthapam) - Refers to Jatāyu. (the leader of birds, chief of birds)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of pakṣiyūthapa

pakṣiyūthapa - leader/chief of a flock of birds

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (pakṣin+yūtha+pa)

• pakṣin – bird, winged creature
  noun (masculine)
• yūtha – flock, herd, troop, multitude
  noun (neuter)
• pa – protector, keeper, guardian
  noun (masculine)
  From root pā (to protect)
  Root: pā (class 2)

Note: Qualifies 'tam', object of 'seeing'.

उत्पपात (utpapāta) - he flew up, he rose up

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of pat

Perfect tense, active voice (reduplicated)

From root pat (to fly, to fall) with upasarga ut-. Reduplicated perfect form.

Prefix: ut

Root: pat (class 1)

पुनः (punaḥ) - again, anew, furthermore

(indeclinable)

हृष्टः (hṛṣṭaḥ) - joyful, delighted, gladdened, happy

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of hṛṣṭa

hṛṣṭa - joyful, gladdened, thrilled

Past Passive Participle

From root hṛṣ (to be glad) + -ta suffix.

Root: hṛṣ (class 4)

मैथिलीम् (maithilīm) - Refers to Sītā. (Maithilī (daughter of the King of Mithila), Sītā)

(proper noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of maithilī

maithilī - Sītā, daughter of Janaka (king of Mithilā)

Note: Object of 'seizing'.

गृह्य (gṛhya) - having seized, having taken, taking hold of

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed with suffix -ya (after a prefix, here implied from context) from root grah.

Root: grah (class 9)

Note: Expresses an action completed before the main verb.

रावणः (rāvaṇaḥ) - Rāvaṇa (proper noun)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rāvaṇa

rāvaṇa - Rāvaṇa (the demon king of Lanka)

Note: Subject of 'utpapāta'.