वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-3, chapter-49, verse-33

जटायुस्तमतिक्रम्य तुण्डेनास्य खराधिपः ।
वामबाहून्दश तदा व्यपाहरदरिंदमः ॥३३॥

33. jaṭāyustamatikramya tuṇḍenāsya kharādhipaḥ ,
vāmabāhūndaśa tadā vyapāharadariṃdamaḥ.

33. jaṭāyuḥ tam atikramya tuṇḍena asya kharādhipaḥ
vāmabāhūn daśa tadā vyapāharat arindamaḥ

33. tadā kharādhipaḥ arindamaḥ jaṭāyuḥ tam
atikramya asya daśa vāmabāhūn tuṇḍena vyapāharat

33. Then, Jatayu, the lord of vultures and subduer of enemies, attacking him, tore off ten of his left arms with his beak.

Words meanings summery:

• जटायुः (jaṭāyuḥ) - Jatayu

• तम् (tam) - Ravana (him, that)

• अतिक्रम्य (atikramya) - having attacked (Ravana) (having surpassed, having attacked, having overcome)

• तुण्डेन (tuṇḍena) - with his (Jatayu's) beak (by the beak, with the mouth)

• अस्य (asya) - of him (Ravana) (of him, his)

• खराधिपः (kharādhipaḥ) - chief/lord of vultures (Jatayu) (lord of donkeys, lord of sharp/fierce things, chief of vultures)

• वामबाहून् (vāmabāhūn) - Ravana's left arms (left arms)

• दश (daśa) - ten

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

• व्यपाहरत् (vyapāharat) - tore off (the arms) (tore off, removed, took away)

• अरिन्दमः (arindamaḥ) - Jatayu, the subduer of enemies (subduer of enemies, conqueror of foes)

Words meanings and morphology

जटायुः (jaṭāyuḥ) - Jatayu

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jaṭāyu

jaṭāyu - Jatayu (name of a vulture king)

तम् (tam) - Ravana (him, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Ravana.

अतिक्रम्य (atikramya) - having attacked (Ravana) (having surpassed, having attacked, having overcome)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed from root `kram` (क्रम्) with prefix `ati` (अति), and suffix `lyaP`.

Prefix: ati

Root: kram (class 1)

तुण्डेन (tuṇḍena) - with his (Jatayu's) beak (by the beak, with the mouth)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of tuṇḍa

tuṇḍa - beak, snout, mouth

अस्य (asya) - of him (Ravana) (of him, his)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Ravana.

खराधिपः (kharādhipaḥ) - chief/lord of vultures (Jatayu) (lord of donkeys, lord of sharp/fierce things, chief of vultures)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kharādhipa

kharādhipa - chief of vultures, lord of donkeys (less common in epic context for Jatayu), lord of swift ones

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (khara+adhipa)

• khara – sharp, fierce, donkey, swift (bird/vulture)
  noun (masculine)
• adhipa – ruler, lord, chief
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: adhi

Note: Epithet for Jatayu.

वामबाहून् (vāmabāhūn) - Ravana's left arms (left arms)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of vāmabāhu

vāmabāhu - left arm

Compound type : karmadhāraya (vāma+bāhu)

• vāma – left, adverse, beautiful
  adjective (masculine)
• bāhu – arm
  noun (masculine)

दश (daśa) - ten

(numeral)

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)

Temporal adverb derived from `tad`.

व्यपाहरत् (vyapāharat) - tore off (the arms) (tore off, removed, took away)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (luṅ) of vyapāharat

Imperfect tense, 3rd person singular, active voice

Formed from root `hṛ` (हृ) with prefixes `vi`, `apa`, `ā`.

Prefixes: vi+apa+ā

Root: hṛ (class 1)

अरिन्दमः (arindamaḥ) - Jatayu, the subduer of enemies (subduer of enemies, conqueror of foes)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of arindama

arindama - subduer of enemies, destroyer of foes

Compound: ariṃ damayati iti - one who subdues enemies.

Compound type : upapada-tatpuruṣa (ari+dama)

• ari – enemy, foe
  noun (masculine)
• dama – subduer, tamer, controller (derived from root `dam`)
  noun (masculine)
  Agent noun
  Derived from root `dam` (दम्) with suffix `a`.
  Root: dam (class 4)

Note: Modifies Jatayu.