वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-35, verse-31

न हि तत् पुरुषव्याघ्रो दुःखदं दर्शनं पितुः ।
मातुश्च सहितुं शक्तस्तोत्रार्दित इव द्विपः ॥३१॥

31. na hi tat puruṣavyāghro duḥkhadaṃ darśanaṃ pituḥ ,
mātuśca sahituṃ śaktastotrārdita iva dvipaḥ.

31. na hi tat puruṣavyāghraḥ duḥkhadam darśanam pituḥ
mātuḥ ca sahitum śaktaḥ totrārditaḥ iva dvipaḥ

31. na hi puruṣavyāghraḥ tat pituḥ mātuḥ ca duḥkhadam
darśanam totrārditaḥ dvipaḥ iva sahitum śaktaḥ

31. For that tiger among men (puruṣavyāghra), Rāma, was indeed unable to endure that distressing sight of his father and mother, just as an elephant, tormented by a goad, cannot.

Words meanings summery:

• न (na) - not, no

• हि (hi) - for, indeed, because

• तत् (tat) - referring to the sight (darśanam) (that)

• पुरुषव्याघ्रः (puruṣavyāghraḥ) - Referring to Rāma. (tiger among men, chief of men)

• दुःखदम् (duḥkhadam) - distressing, causing pain/sorrow

• दर्शनम् (darśanam) - sight, vision, seeing

• पितुः (pituḥ) - Of King Dasharatha. (of the father)

• मातुः (mātuḥ) - Of Kausalya. (of the mother)

• च (ca) - and

• सहितूम् (sahitūm) - to bear, to endure

• शक्तः (śaktaḥ) - able, capable

• तोत्रार्दितः (totrārditaḥ) - tormented by a goad

• इव (iva) - like, as, as if

• द्विपः (dvipaḥ) - elephant

Words meanings and morphology

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

हि (hi) - for, indeed, because

(indeclinable)

particle

तत् (tat) - referring to the sight (darśanam) (that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, this, he, she, it

Note: Used as demonstrative pronoun, here object.

पुरुषव्याघ्रः (puruṣavyāghraḥ) - Referring to Rāma. (tiger among men, chief of men)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of puruṣavyāghra

puruṣavyāghra - tiger among men, best of men, foremost man

Tatpurusha compound (upamanottarapada).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (puruṣa+vyāghra)

• puruṣa – man, human being, person, supreme cosmic person (puruṣa)
  noun (masculine)
• vyāghra – tiger
  noun (masculine)

Note: Refers to Rāma.

दुःखदम् (duḥkhadam) - distressing, causing pain/sorrow

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of duḥkhada

duḥkhada - giving pain/sorrow, distressing, causing unhappiness

Upapada tatpurusha compound.

Compound type : upapada-tatpuruṣa (duḥkha+da)

• duḥkha – suffering, pain, sorrow
  noun (neuter)
• da – giving, bestowing, causing (suffix)
  suffix (masculine)
  From root dā 'to give', used as a suffix in compounds.
  Root: dā (class 1)

दर्शनम् (darśanam) - sight, vision, seeing

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of darśana

darśana - seeing, sight, vision, philosophy

From root dṛś with suffix -ana.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Object of sahitum.

पितुः (pituḥ) - Of King Dasharatha. (of the father)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of pitṛ

pitṛ - father

मातुः (mātuḥ) - Of Kausalya. (of the mother)

(noun)

Genitive, feminine, singular of mātṛ

mātṛ - mother

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

सहितूम् (sahitūm) - to bear, to endure

(indeclinable)

Infinitive

Infinitive form of root sah with suffix -tum.

Root: sah (class 1)

Note: Expresses purpose or capability.

शक्तः (śaktaḥ) - able, capable

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śakta

śakta - able, capable, powerful

Past Passive Participle

From root śak (to be able); past passive participle formation.

Root: śak (class 5)

तोत्रार्दितः (totrārditaḥ) - tormented by a goad

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of totrārdita

totrārdita - tormented/afflicted by a goad

Tatpurusha compound.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (totra+ardita)

• totra – goad, ankus
  noun (neuter)
  Root: tud (class 6)
• ardita – tormented, afflicted, pained
  participle (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root ard (to hurt, torment); past passive participle formation.
  Root: ard (class 1)

Note: Qualifies dvipaḥ.

इव (iva) - like, as, as if

(indeclinable)

particle of comparison

द्विपः (dvipaḥ) - elephant

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dvipa

dvipa - elephant (literally 'two-drinker', referring to its trunk and mouth)