वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-35, verse-18

पार्श्वतः पृष्ठतश्चापि लम्बमानास्तदुन्मुखाः ।
बाष्पपूर्णमुखाः सर्वे तमूचुर्भृशदुःखिताः ॥१८॥

18. pārśvataḥ pṛṣṭhataścāpi lambamānāstadunmukhāḥ ,
bāṣpapūrṇamukhāḥ sarve tamūcurbhṛśaduḥkhitāḥ.

18. pārśvataḥ pṛṣṭhataḥ ca api lambamānāḥ tatunmukhāḥ
bāṣpapūrṇamukhāḥ sarve tam ūcuḥ bhṛśaduḥkhitāḥ

18. pārśvataḥ pṛṣṭhataḥ ca api lambamānāḥ tatunmukhāḥ
bāṣpapūrṇamukhāḥ bhṛśaduḥkhitāḥ sarve tam ūcuḥ

18. Clinging to him from the sides and also from behind, all of them, greatly distressed, with faces full of tears and directed towards him, spoke to him.

Words meanings summery:

• पार्श्वतः (pārśvataḥ) - from the sides (from the side, on the side)

• पृष्ठतः (pṛṣṭhataḥ) - from behind (from behind, on the back)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• अपि (api) - also (also, even, too)

• लम्बमानाः (lambamānāḥ) - clinging (hanging, dangling, clinging)

• ततुन्मुखाः (tatunmukhāḥ) - facing him (Rama) (facing him/that)

• बाष्पपूर्णमुखाः (bāṣpapūrṇamukhāḥ) - with faces full of tears

• सर्वे (sarve) - all (of them) (all)

• तम् (tam) - him (Rama) (him, that)

• ऊचुः (ūcuḥ) - they spoke (they spoke, they said)

• भृशदुःखिताः (bhṛśaduḥkhitāḥ) - greatly distressed (greatly distressed, extremely sorrowful)

Words meanings and morphology

पार्श्वतः (pārśvataḥ) - from the sides (from the side, on the side)

(indeclinable)

suffix -tas indicating 'from'

पृष्ठतः (pṛṣṭhataḥ) - from behind (from behind, on the back)

(indeclinable)

suffix -tas indicating 'from'

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects pārśvataḥ and pṛṣṭhataḥ

अपि (api) - also (also, even, too)

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphasizes pṛṣṭhataḥ

लम्बमानाः (lambamānāḥ) - clinging (hanging, dangling, clinging)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of lambamāna

lambamāna - hanging, dangling, clinging

Present Middle Participle

from √lamb (to hang, cling)

Root: lamb (class 1)

ततुन्मुखाः (tatunmukhāḥ) - facing him (Rama) (facing him/that)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tatunmukha

tatunmukha - facing him/that

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (tad+unmukha)

• tad – that, him
  pronoun (neuter)
• unmukha – facing, having the face turned towards
  adjective (masculine)
  Prefix: ud

Note: Qualifies sarve or the implied people.

बाष्पपूर्णमुखाः (bāṣpapūrṇamukhāḥ) - with faces full of tears

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of bāṣpapūrṇamukha

bāṣpapūrṇamukha - having faces full of tears

Compound type : Bahuvrīhi (bāṣpa+pūrṇa+mukha)

• bāṣpa – tears, vapor
  noun (masculine)
• pūrṇa – full, complete
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  from √pṛ (to fill)
  Root: pṛ (class 3)
• mukha – face, mouth
  noun (neuter)

Note: Qualifies sarve or the implied people.

सर्वे (sarve) - all (of them) (all)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole

Note: Subject of ūcuḥ

तम् (tam) - him (Rama) (him, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, him

Note: Object of ūcuḥ

ऊचुः (ūcuḥ) - they spoke (they spoke, they said)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (Liṭ) of vac

perfect form from √vac

Root: vac (class 2)

भृशदुःखिताः (bhṛśaduḥkhitāḥ) - greatly distressed (greatly distressed, extremely sorrowful)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of bhṛśaduḥkhita

bhṛśaduḥkhita - greatly distressed, highly sorrowful

Compound type : Karmadhāraya (bhṛśa+duḥkhita)

• bhṛśa – much, greatly, exceedingly
  indeclinable
• duḥkhita – distressed, sorrowful, unhappy
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  from √duḥkh (to suffer, grieve)
  Root: duḥkh (class 1)

Note: Qualifies sarve