वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-35, verse-29

अन्वीक्षमाणो रामस्तु विषण्णं भ्रान्तचेतसं ।
राजानं मातरं चैव ददर्शानुगतौ पथि ।
धर्मपाशेन संक्षिप्तः प्रकाशं नाभ्युदैक्षत ॥२९॥

29. anvīkṣamāṇo rāmastu viṣaṇṇaṃ bhrāntacetasaṃ ,
rājānaṃ mātaraṃ caiva dadarśānugatau pathi ,
dharmapāśena saṃkṣiptaḥ prakāśaṃ nābhyudaikṣata.

29. anvīkṣamāṇaḥ rāmaḥ tu viṣaṇṇam
bhrāntacetasam rājānam mātaram ca eva
dadarśa anugatau pathi dharmapāśena
saṃkṣiptaḥ prakāśam na abhyudaikṣata

29. rāmaḥ tu anvīkṣamāṇaḥ viṣaṇṇam
bhrāntacetasam rājānam mātaram ca eva
pathi anugatau dadarśa dharmapāśena
saṃkṣiptaḥ prakāśam na abhyudaikṣata

29. Rāma, looking closely, saw his father, the king, dejected and bewildered in mind, and his mother following on the path. Restricted by the fetters of duty (dharma), he did not look up at the light.

Words meanings summery:

• अन्वीक्षमाणः (anvīkṣamāṇaḥ) - looking closely, observing, scrutinizing

• रामः (rāmaḥ) - Rāma (name of the prince)

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, however, on the other hand

• विषण्णम् (viṣaṇṇam) - dejected, sad, dispirited

• भ्रान्तचेतसम् (bhrāntacetasam) - bewildered in mind, confused in thought

• राजानम् (rājānam) - Dasharatha (the king)

• मातरम् (mātaram) - Kausalya (the mother)

• च (ca) - and

• एव (eva) - only, just, indeed, even

• ददर्श (dadarśa) - he saw, looked

• अनुगतौ (anugatau) - following, going after

• पथि (pathi) - on the path, on the road

• धर्मपाशेन (dharmapāśena) - by the noose of duty, by the fetters of intrinsic nature

• संक्षिप्तः (saṁkṣiptaḥ) - restricted, bound, fettered, constrained

• प्रकाशम् (prakāśam) - light, brightness, manifestation

• न (na) - not, no

• अभ्युदैक्षत (abhyudaikṣata) - he looked up

Words meanings and morphology

अन्वीक्षमाणः (anvīkṣamāṇaḥ) - looking closely, observing, scrutinizing

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of anvīkṣamāṇa

anvīkṣamāṇa - one who is looking, observing, scrutinizing

Present Active Participle

Derived from root īkṣ with prefix anu, in present active participle form (śānac).

Prefix: anu

Root: īkṣ (class 1)

रामः (rāmaḥ) - Rāma (name of the prince)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rāma

rāma - Rāma (a proper name, the seventh avatar of Vishnu); pleasing, delightful

Root: ram (class 1)

तु (tu) - but, indeed, however, on the other hand

(indeclinable)

विषण्णम् (viṣaṇṇam) - dejected, sad, dispirited

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of viṣaṇṇa

viṣaṇṇa - dejected, sad, dispirited, languid

Past Passive Participle

From root sad (to sit, sink) with prefix vi; past passive participle formation.

Prefix: vi

Root: sad (class 1)

भ्रान्तचेतसम् (bhrāntacetasam) - bewildered in mind, confused in thought

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of bhrāntacetas

bhrāntacetas - one whose mind is bewildered/confused

Bahuvrīhi compound.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (bhrānta+cetas)

• bhrānta – wandered, confused, bewildered
  participle (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root bhram (to wander, to be confused); past passive participle formation.
  Root: bhram (class 1)
• cetas – mind, intellect, thought
  noun (neuter)

राजानम् (rājānam) - Dasharatha (the king)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler, prince

Root: rāj

मातरम् (mātaram) - Kausalya (the mother)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of mātṛ

mātṛ - mother

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - only, just, indeed, even

(indeclinable)

ददर्श (dadarśa) - he saw, looked

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of dṛś

Perfect Tense (Liṭ Lakāra)

Reduplicated past tense form (perfect) of root dṛś.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

अनुगतौ (anugatau) - following, going after

(participle)

Accusative, masculine, dual of anugata

anugata - followed, gone after, accompanied

Past Passive Participle

From root gam (to go) with prefix anu; past passive participle formation.

Prefix: anu

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Refers to both the king and the mother.

पथि (pathi) - on the path, on the road

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of pathin

pathin - path, road, way

धर्मपाशेन (dharmapāśena) - by the noose of duty, by the fetters of intrinsic nature

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of dharmapāśa

dharmapāśa - noose/bond of duty (dharma), moral obligation

Tatpurusha compound.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dharma+pāśa)

• dharma – duty, righteousness, constitution, natural law, intrinsic nature
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• pāśa – noose, fetter, bond
  noun (masculine)

संक्षिप्तः (saṁkṣiptaḥ) - restricted, bound, fettered, constrained

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃkṣipta

saṁkṣipta - restricted, bound, compressed, limited, contracted

Past Passive Participle

From root kṣip (to throw, cast) with prefix sam; past passive participle formation.

Prefix: sam

Root: kṣip (class 6)

Note: Qualifies Rāma (implied subject).

प्रकाशम् (prakāśam) - light, brightness, manifestation

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of prakāśa

prakāśa - light, brightness, clarity, manifestation, publicity

From root kāś (to shine) with prefix pra.

Prefix: pra

Root: kāś (class 1)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

अभ्युदैक्षत (abhyudaikṣata) - he looked up

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, imperfect (laṅ) of abhyud-īkṣ

Imperfect Tense (Laṅ Lakāra)

Imperfect form of root īkṣ with prefixes abhi and ud.

Prefixes: abhi+ud

Root: īkṣ (class 1)