मार्कण्डेय-पुराणम्
mārkaṇḍeya-purāṇam
-
chapter-78, verse-29
धर्मदृष्टिर्यतश्चासौ समो मित्रे तथाहिते ।
ततो नियोगं तं याम्ये चकार तिमिरापहः ॥२९॥
ततो नियोगं तं याम्ये चकार तिमिरापहः ॥२९॥
29. dharmadṛṣṭiryataścāsau samo mitre tathāhite .
tato niyogaṃ taṃ yāmye cakāra timirāpahaḥ.
tato niyogaṃ taṃ yāmye cakāra timirāpahaḥ.
29.
dharmadṛṣṭiḥ yataḥ ca asau samaḥ mitre tathā
ahite tataḥ niyogam tam yāmye cakre timirāpahaḥ
ahite tataḥ niyogam tam yāmye cakre timirāpahaḥ
29.
Because he (Yama) possessed a perspective (dṛṣṭi) rooted in dharma (natural law) and was impartial towards both friends and adversaries, the dispeller of darkness (the sun god) consequently appointed him to that role as Yama.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- धर्मदृष्टिः (dharmadṛṣṭiḥ) - one whose view is on dharma; righteous; having an eye for justice
- यतः (yataḥ) - because (from which, because, since)
- च (ca) - and (and, also)
- असौ (asau) - he (referring to Yama) (that (person), he)
- समः (samaḥ) - impartial (equal, same, impartial)
- मित्रे (mitre) - to a friend (to a friend, in a friend)
- तथा (tathā) - similarly (thus, so, similarly, and)
- अहिते (ahite) - to an adversary (to a non-friend, to an enemy)
- ततः (tataḥ) - consequently, therefore (then, therefore, from that)
- नियोगम् (niyogam) - appointment, role (appointment, assignment, command, injunction)
- तम् (tam) - that (appointment/role) (that, him)
- याम्ये (yāmye) - as Yama (referring to the position of the deity Yama) (in Yama's domain, as Yama, relating to Yama)
- चक्रे (cakre) - appointed, made (he did, he made)
- तिमिरापहः (timirāpahaḥ) - the sun god (who dispels darkness) (dispeller of darkness)
Words meanings and morphology
धर्मदृष्टिः (dharmadṛṣṭiḥ) - one whose view is on dharma; righteous; having an eye for justice
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of dharmadṛṣṭi
dharmadṛṣṭi - one whose view is on dharma; righteous
Compound type : bahuvrihi (dharma+dṛṣṭi)
- dharma – natural law, constitution, righteousness, duty (dharma)
noun (masculine) - dṛṣṭi – sight, view, perspective
noun (feminine)
Note: Refers to Yama.
यतः (yataḥ) - because (from which, because, since)
(indeclinable)
च (ca) - and (and, also)
(indeclinable)
असौ (asau) - he (referring to Yama) (that (person), he)
(pronoun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of adas
adas - that, he, she, it
समः (samaḥ) - impartial (equal, same, impartial)
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, singular of sama
sama - same, equal, alike, impartial
Note: Qualifies 'asau'.
मित्रे (mitre) - to a friend (to a friend, in a friend)
(noun)
Locative, masculine, singular of mitra
mitra - friend, companion
Note: 'samaḥ' often takes the locative or dative case to indicate 'equal to'.
तथा (tathā) - similarly (thus, so, similarly, and)
(indeclinable)
अहिते (ahite) - to an adversary (to a non-friend, to an enemy)
(adjective)
Locative, masculine, singular of ahita
ahita - not good, harmful, enemy, adversary
Negated form of hita (beneficial, friend)
Compound type : nañ-tatpurusha (a+hita)
- a – not, non-
indeclinable
negative prefix - hita – beneficial, friendly, friend
adjective (masculine)
Past Passive Participle
From root dhā + suffix kta
Root: dhā (class 3)
ततः (tataḥ) - consequently, therefore (then, therefore, from that)
(indeclinable)
नियोगम् (niyogam) - appointment, role (appointment, assignment, command, injunction)
(noun)
Accusative, masculine, singular of niyoga
niyoga - appointment, assignment, injunction, command
Prefix: ni
Root: yuj (class 7)
तम् (tam) - that (appointment/role) (that, him)
(pronoun)
Accusative, masculine, singular of tad
tad - that, he, she, it
Note: Qualifies 'niyogam'.
याम्ये (yāmye) - as Yama (referring to the position of the deity Yama) (in Yama's domain, as Yama, relating to Yama)
(adjective)
Locative, masculine, singular of yāmya
yāmya - relating to Yama, belonging to Yama, the region of Yama
Derived from Yama with suffix -ya
Note: Could also mean 'in the southern direction'. Here, context suggests related to Yama's role, meaning 'in the office of Yama'.
चक्रे (cakre) - appointed, made (he did, he made)
(verb)
3rd person , singular, middle, perfect (liṭ) of kṛ
Perfect tense, 3rd person singular, middle voice
Root: kṛ (class 8)
तिमिरापहः (timirāpahaḥ) - the sun god (who dispels darkness) (dispeller of darkness)
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of timirāpaha
timirāpaha - dispeller of darkness (epithet for the Sun)
Compound type : tatpurusha (timira+apaha)
- timira – darkness, gloom
noun (neuter) - apaha – taking away, removing, dispelling
adjective (masculine)
From root hṛ with prefix apa, and suffix -a
Prefix: apa
Root: hṛ (class 1)
Note: An epithet for the sun god, who is the father of Yama.