मार्कण्डेय-पुराणम्
mārkaṇḍeya-purāṇam
-
chapter-12, verse-24
दुः खानि ते प्राप्नुवन्ति यान्यसह्यानि जन्तुभिः ।
असिपत्रवनं नाम नरकं शृणु चापरम् ॥२४॥
असिपत्रवनं नाम नरकं शृणु चापरम् ॥२४॥
24. duḥ khāni te prāpnuvanti yānyasahyāni jantubhiḥ .
asipatravanaṃ nāma narakaṃ śṛṇu cāparam.
asipatravanaṃ nāma narakaṃ śṛṇu cāparam.
24.
duḥkhāni te prāpnuvanti yāni asahyāni jantubhiḥ
| asi patra vanam nāma narakam śṛṇu ca aparam
| asi patra vanam nāma narakam śṛṇu ca aparam
24.
They experience sufferings which are unbearable for living beings (jantu). Now, listen to another hell (naraka) called 'Sword-Leaf Forest' (asipatravana).
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- दुःखानि (duḥkhāni) - sufferings (sufferings, pains, miseries)
- ते (te) - they (the human beings from the previous verse) (they)
- प्राप्नुवन्ति (prāpnuvanti) - they experience (they obtain, they reach, they experience)
- यानि (yāni) - which (sufferings) (which, what)
- असह्यानि (asahyāni) - unbearable (unbearable, intolerable, not to be endured)
- जन्तुभिः (jantubhiḥ) - by living beings (jantu) (by living beings, by creatures, by people)
- असि-पत्र-वनम् (asi-patra-vanam) - the hell named 'Sword-Leaf Forest' (sword-leaf forest)
- नाम (nāma) - named (with the name) (name, by name, indeed)
- नरकम् (narakam) - hell (naraka) (hell, infernal region)
- शृणु (śṛṇu) - listen (to me) (listen, hear)
- च (ca) - and, now (and, also, moreover)
- अपरम् (aparam) - another (hell) (another, other, next, subsequent)
Words meanings and morphology
दुःखानि (duḥkhāni) - sufferings (sufferings, pains, miseries)
(noun)
Accusative, neuter, plural of duḥkha
duḥkha - suffering, pain, misery, sorrow, discomfort
ते (te) - they (the human beings from the previous verse) (they)
(pronoun)
Nominative, masculine, plural of tad
tad - that, he, she, it, them
प्राप्नुवन्ति (prāpnuvanti) - they experience (they obtain, they reach, they experience)
(verb)
3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of prāp
Derived from the root √āp (to obtain) with the upasarga `pra`.
Prefix: pra
Root: āp (class 5)
यानि (yāni) - which (sufferings) (which, what)
(pronoun)
Nominative, neuter, plural of yad
yad - which, what, who, that
Note: Agrees with `duḥkhāni`.
असह्यानि (asahyāni) - unbearable (unbearable, intolerable, not to be endured)
(adjective)
Nominative, neuter, plural of asahya
asahya - unbearable, intolerable, not to be endured
Gerundive
Derived from the root √sah (to bear, endure) with the negative prefix `a-` and the suffix -ya.
Root: sah (class 1)
Note: Agrees with `yāni` and `duḥkhāni`.
जन्तुभिः (jantubhiḥ) - by living beings (jantu) (by living beings, by creatures, by people)
(noun)
Instrumental, masculine, plural of jantu
jantu - living being, creature, man, animal, sentient being
Note: Indicates the agent by whom the sufferings are unbearable.
असि-पत्र-वनम् (asi-patra-vanam) - the hell named 'Sword-Leaf Forest' (sword-leaf forest)
(noun)
Accusative, neuter, singular of asipatravana
asipatravana - a forest with sword-like leaves (a type of hell)
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (asi+patra+vana)
- asi – sword, scimitar, knife
noun (masculine) - patra – leaf, feather, wing, letter
noun (neuter) - vana – forest, wood, grove, water
noun (neuter)
नाम (nāma) - named (with the name) (name, by name, indeed)
(indeclinable)
Note: Used here as an indeclinable to mean 'by name' or 'named'.
नरकम् (narakam) - hell (naraka) (hell, infernal region)
(noun)
Accusative, neuter, singular of naraka
naraka - hell, infernal regions, Tartarus
शृणु (śṛṇu) - listen (to me) (listen, hear)
(verb)
2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of śru
Root of the 5th conjugation, imperative mood, active voice.
Root: śru (class 5)
च (ca) - and, now (and, also, moreover)
(indeclinable)
अपरम् (aparam) - another (hell) (another, other, next, subsequent)
(adjective)
Accusative, neuter, singular of apara
apara - other, another, next, subsequent, inferior, western
Note: Agrees with `narakam`.