मार्कण्डेय-पुराणम्
mārkaṇḍeya-purāṇam
-
chapter-12, verse-20
अत्रस्थैर्नारकैर्दुः खमसह्यमनुभूयते ।
तान्येव यत्र चक्राणि घटीयन्त्राणि चान्यतः ॥२०॥
तान्येव यत्र चक्राणि घटीयन्त्राणि चान्यतः ॥२०॥
20. atrasthairnārakairduḥ khamasahyamanubhūyate .
tānyeva yatra cakrāṇi ghaṭīyantrāṇi cānyataḥ.
tānyeva yatra cakrāṇi ghaṭīyantrāṇi cānyataḥ.
20.
atrasthaiḥ nārakaiḥ duḥkham asahyam anubhūyate
tāni eva yatra cakrāṇi ghaṭīyantrāṇi ca anyataḥ
tāni eva yatra cakrāṇi ghaṭīyantrāṇi ca anyataḥ
20.
The denizens of hell (nārakas) who dwell here experience unbearable suffering. It is precisely there that wheels, pulley-machines (ghaṭīyantras), and other instruments are present.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- अत्रस्थैः (atrasthaiḥ) - by those who dwell in this hell (by those staying here, by those located here)
- नारकैः (nārakaiḥ) - by the denizens of hell (nārakas) (by the denizens of hell, by those in hell)
- दुःखम् (duḥkham) - suffering (suffering, pain, misery)
- असह्यम् (asahyam) - unbearable (unbearable, intolerable, insufferable)
- अनुभूयते (anubhūyate) - is experienced (is experienced, is felt)
- तानि (tāni) - those (wheels and machines) (those)
- एव (eva) - precisely, indeed (indeed, only, just, precisely)
- यत्र (yatra) - where, it is there that (where, in which place)
- चक्राणि (cakrāṇi) - wheels (of torture) (wheels, discs, circles)
- घटीयन्त्राणि (ghaṭīyantrāṇi) - pulley-machines (ghaṭīyantras) (water-drawing machines, pulley machines, pot-machines)
- च (ca) - and, also
- अन्यतः (anyataḥ) - and other (instruments) (from another place, elsewhere, otherwise, by other means)
Words meanings and morphology
अत्रस्थैः (atrasthaiḥ) - by those who dwell in this hell (by those staying here, by those located here)
(adjective)
Instrumental, masculine, plural of atrastha
atrastha - staying here, situated here, present here
Compound of `atra` (here) and `stha` (standing).
Compound type : aluk-tatpuruṣa (atra+stha)
- atra – here, in this place
indeclinable - stha – standing, staying, situated
adjective (masculine)
From root `sthā` (to stand) + `ka` suffix.
Root: sthā (class 1)
Note: Refers to the `nārakas`.
नारकैः (nārakaiḥ) - by the denizens of hell (nārakas) (by the denizens of hell, by those in hell)
(noun)
Instrumental, masculine, plural of nāraka
nāraka - relating to hell, infernal, a denizen of hell
From `naraka` (hell) + `aṇ` (taddhita suffix).
दुःखम् (duḥkham) - suffering (suffering, pain, misery)
(noun)
Nominative, neuter, singular of duḥkha
duḥkha - suffering, pain, misery, sorrow
Note: Could also be accusative singular neuter.
असह्यम् (asahyam) - unbearable (unbearable, intolerable, insufferable)
(adjective)
Nominative, neuter, singular of asahya
asahya - unbearable, intolerable, insufferable
Gerundive
Negative compound `na` + `sahya` (bearable). `Sahya` is from root `sah` (to bear) with `ya` suffix (kṛtya).
Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+sahya)
- a – not, un-
indeclinable - sahya – bearable, tolerable
adjective (masculine)
Gerundive
From root `sah` (to bear) + `ya` suffix (kṛtya).
Root: sah (class 1)
Note: Also could be accusative singular neuter.
अनुभूयते (anubhūyate) - is experienced (is experienced, is felt)
(verb)
3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of anubhū
Passive form of `anubhū`. `anubhūyate` is from `anu` + root `bhū` in passive voice (yakaṭ).
Prefix: anu
Root: bhū (class 1)
तानि (tāni) - those (wheels and machines) (those)
(pronoun)
Nominative, neuter, plural of tad
tad - that, those
Note: Also could be accusative plural neuter.
एव (eva) - precisely, indeed (indeed, only, just, precisely)
(indeclinable)
यत्र (yatra) - where, it is there that (where, in which place)
(indeclinable)
Derived from `yad` with `tra` suffix.
चक्राणि (cakrāṇi) - wheels (of torture) (wheels, discs, circles)
(noun)
Nominative, neuter, plural of cakra
cakra - wheel, disc, circle, discus
Root: kṛ
Note: Also could be accusative plural neuter.
घटीयन्त्राणि (ghaṭīyantrāṇi) - pulley-machines (ghaṭīyantras) (water-drawing machines, pulley machines, pot-machines)
(noun)
Nominative, neuter, plural of ghaṭīyantra
ghaṭīyantra - water-drawing machine, pulley machine, machine with pots
Compound of `ghaṭī` (pot, jar) and `yantra` (machine, instrument).
Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (ghaṭī+yantra)
- ghaṭī – pot, jar, pitcher
noun (feminine) - yantra – machine, instrument, device, contrivance
noun (neuter)
From root `yam` (to control) + `tra` suffix.
Root: yam (class 1)
Note: Also could be accusative plural neuter.
च (ca) - and, also
(indeclinable)
अन्यतः (anyataḥ) - and other (instruments) (from another place, elsewhere, otherwise, by other means)
(indeclinable)
From `anya` (other) + `tas` suffix.