मार्कण्डेय-पुराणम्
mārkaṇḍeya-purāṇam
-
chapter-12, verse-21
दुः खस्य हेतुभूतानि पापकर्मकृतां नृणाम् ।
चक्रेष्वारोपिताः केचिद् भ्राम्यन्ते तत्र मानवाः ॥२१॥
चक्रेष्वारोपिताः केचिद् भ्राम्यन्ते तत्र मानवाः ॥२१॥
21. duḥ khasya hetubhūtāni pāpakarmakṛtāṃ nṛṇām .
cakreṣvāropitāḥ kecid bhrāmyante tatra mānavāḥ.
cakreṣvāropitāḥ kecid bhrāmyante tatra mānavāḥ.
21.
duḥkhasya hetubhūtāni pāpakarmakṛtām nṛṇām
cakreṣu āropitāḥ kecit bhrāmyante tatra mānavāḥ
cakreṣu āropitāḥ kecit bhrāmyante tatra mānavāḥ
21.
These become the cause of suffering for people (nṛ) who commit evil deeds (pāpakarmakṛts). There, some human beings (mānavas) are fastened to the wheels and are whirled around.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- दुःखस्य (duḥkhasya) - of suffering (of suffering, of pain)
- हेतुभूतानि (hetubhūtāni) - become the cause (having become the cause, being the cause)
- पापकर्मकृताम् (pāpakarmakṛtām) - of people (nṛ) who commit evil deeds (pāpakarmakṛts) (of those who perform evil deeds, of sinners)
- नृणाम् (nṛṇām) - of people (nṛ) (of men, of human beings, of people)
- चक्रेषु (cakreṣu) - on the wheels (on the wheels, in the discs)
- आरोपिताः (āropitāḥ) - fastened, fixed (placed, mounted, caused to ascend, fixed)
- केचित् (kecit) - some (human beings) (some, certain ones, a few)
- भ्राम्यन्ते (bhrāmyante) - they are whirled around (they are whirled, they are spun, they wander)
- तत्र (tatra) - there (there, in that place)
- मानवाः (mānavāḥ) - human beings (mānavas) (human beings, men)
Words meanings and morphology
दुःखस्य (duḥkhasya) - of suffering (of suffering, of pain)
(noun)
Genitive, neuter, singular of duḥkha
duḥkha - suffering, pain, misery, sorrow
हेतुभूतानि (hetubhūtāni) - become the cause (having become the cause, being the cause)
(adjective)
Nominative, neuter, plural of hetubhūta
hetubhūta - having become the cause, being the cause, caused
Past Passive Participle
Compound of `hetu` (cause) and `bhūta` (become).
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (hetu+bhūta)
- hetu – cause, reason, motive
noun (masculine)
Root: hi (class 3) - bhūta – become, existed, past, being, element
adjective (masculine)
Past Passive Participle
From root `bhū` (to be, to become) + `ta` suffix.
Root: bhū (class 1)
Note: Also could be accusative plural neuter. Refers to the instruments from the previous verse.
पापकर्मकृताम् (pāpakarmakṛtām) - of people (nṛ) who commit evil deeds (pāpakarmakṛts) (of those who perform evil deeds, of sinners)
(noun)
Genitive, masculine, plural of pāpakarmakṛt
pāpakarmakṛt - one who performs evil deeds, sinner
Agent noun
Compound of `pāpa` (sin), `karman` (deed), and `kṛt` (doer). `kṛt` is from root `kṛ` (to do).
Compound type : upapada-tatpuruṣa (pāpa+karman+kṛt)
- pāpa – evil, sin, wicked
noun (neuter) - karman – action, deed, work, (karma)
noun (neuter)
From root `kṛ` + `man` suffix
Root: kṛ (class 8) - kṛt – doer, maker, performing
noun (masculine)
Agent Noun
From root `kṛ` (to do) + `kvip` suffix.
Root: kṛ (class 8)
Note: Refers to men who perform `pāpakarma`.
नृणाम् (nṛṇām) - of people (nṛ) (of men, of human beings, of people)
(noun)
Genitive, masculine, plural of nṛ
nṛ - man, human being, person
Note: Refers to human beings.
चक्रेषु (cakreṣu) - on the wheels (on the wheels, in the discs)
(noun)
Locative, neuter, plural of cakra
cakra - wheel, disc, circle, discus
Root: kṛ
Note: The `ś` sound in the ending causes `ṣ`.
आरोपिताः (āropitāḥ) - fastened, fixed (placed, mounted, caused to ascend, fixed)
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, plural of āropita
āropita - placed, mounted, fixed, charged (with)
Past Passive Participle
From `ā` + root `ruh` (to ascend) in causative form `ropi` + `ta` suffix.
Prefix: ā
Root: ruh (class 1)
Note: From the causative form of `ruh`, meaning 'to cause to ascend or place'.
केचित् (kecit) - some (human beings) (some, certain ones, a few)
(pronoun)
Nominative, masculine, plural of ka
ka - who, which, what (interrogative pronoun)
The `cid` particle makes it indefinite.
Note: It is a pronominal adjective, here used substantively.
भ्राम्यन्ते (bhrāmyante) - they are whirled around (they are whirled, they are spun, they wander)
(verb)
3rd person , plural, passive, present (laṭ) of bhram
Passive form of root `bhram` with ātmanepada ending. Or it is from the causative stem `bhrāmya`.
Root: bhram (class 1)
तत्र (tatra) - there (there, in that place)
(indeclinable)
Derived from `tad` with `tra` suffix.
मानवाः (mānavāḥ) - human beings (mānavas) (human beings, men)
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, plural of mānava
mānava - human, relating to Manu, a human being, man
Derived from `manu` (Manu) + `aṇ` (taddhita suffix).