महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-10, verse-30

स पपात तदा राजंस्तोमरेण समाहतः ।
प्रसार्य विपुलौ बाहू पीनौ परिघसंनिभौ ॥३०॥

30. sa papāta tadā rājaṁstomareṇa samāhataḥ ,
prasārya vipulau bāhū pīnau parighasaṁnibhau.

30. saḥ papāta tadā rājan tomareṇa samāhataḥ
prasārya vipulau bāhū pīnau parigha-saṃnibhau

30. tadā rājan,
tomareṇa samāhataḥ saḥ,
vipulau pīnau parigha-saṃnibhau bāhū prasārya,
papāta.

30. Then, O King, he fell, struck by that spear (tomara), spreading his two broad, stout arms that resembled iron clubs.

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - Chitra (he, that (masculine, nominative singular))

• पपात (papāta) - he fell

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

• राजन् (rājan) - O King

• तोमरेण (tomareṇa) - by the spear, with the javelin (neuter, instrumental singular)

• समाहतः (samāhataḥ) - struck, hit (masculine, nominative singular)

• प्रसार्य (prasārya) - having spread, having stretched out

• विपुलौ (vipulau) - broad, extensive (masculine, dual nominative/accusative)

• बाहू (bāhū) - two arms (masculine, dual nominative/accusative)

• पीनौ (pīnau) - stout, thick, fat (masculine, dual nominative/accusative)

• परिघ-संनिभौ (parigha-saṁnibhau) - resembling iron clubs (masculine, dual nominative/accusative)

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - Chitra (he, that (masculine, nominative singular))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, this

Note: Refers to Chitra.

पपात (papāta) - he fell

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (Liṭ) of pat

Perfect (Liṭ)

Root 'pat'. 3rd person singular perfect active.

Root: pat (class 1)

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)

Derived from pronoun 'tad'

राजन् (rājan) - O King

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Root: rāj (class 1)

तोमरेण (tomareṇa) - by the spear, with the javelin (neuter, instrumental singular)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of tomara

tomara - iron club, javelin, spear

समाहतः (samāhataḥ) - struck, hit (masculine, nominative singular)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of samāhata

samāhata - struck, hit, wounded

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'han' with prefixes 'sam' and 'ā'

Prefixes: sam+ā

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Used adjectivally to describe the fallen subject.

प्रसार्य (prasārya) - having spread, having stretched out

(indeclinable)

Absolutive/Gerund

Derived from root 'sṛ' (to spread) with prefix 'pra' and causative 'sāri' (to cause to spread), or from root 'sṛ' with prefix 'pra' and the 'ṇic' suffix forming 'sārayati', then 'lyap'.

Prefix: pra

Root: sṛ (class 1)

विपुलौ (vipulau) - broad, extensive (masculine, dual nominative/accusative)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, dual of vipula

vipula - broad, wide, extensive, large

Prefix: vi

Root: pula

Note: Agrees with bāhū.

बाहू (bāhū) - two arms (masculine, dual nominative/accusative)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, dual of bāhu

bāhu - arm

पीनौ (pīnau) - stout, thick, fat (masculine, dual nominative/accusative)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, dual of pīna

pīna - stout, thick, fat, plump

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'pyāy' (to swell, grow fat).

Root: pyāy (class 1)

Note: Agrees with bāhū.

परिघ-संनिभौ (parigha-saṁnibhau) - resembling iron clubs (masculine, dual nominative/accusative)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, dual of parigha-saṃnibha

parigha-saṁnibha - resembling an iron club

Compound type : Bahuvrihi (parigha+saṃnibha)

• parigha – iron club, bolt, cross-bar
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root 'han' (to strike) with prefix 'pari'.
  Prefix: pari
  Root: han (class 2)
• saṃnibha – resembling, like, similar to
  adjective (masculine)
  Derived from root 'bhā' (to shine) with prefix 'sam'.
  Prefix: sam
  Root: bhā (class 2)

Note: Agrees with bāhū.