महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-10, verse-18

तं चित्रो नवभिर्भल्लैर्बाह्वोरुरसि चार्दयत् ।
स्वर्णपुङ्खैः शिलाधौतैः कङ्कबर्हिणवाजितैः ॥१८॥

18. taṁ citro navabhirbhallairbāhvorurasi cārdayat ,
svarṇapuṅkhaiḥ śilādhautaiḥ kaṅkabarhiṇavājitaiḥ.

18. tam citraḥ navabhiḥ bhallaiḥ bāhvoḥ urasi ca ārdayat
svarṇapuṅkhaiḥ śilādhautaiḥ kaṅkabarhiṇavājitaiḥ

18. citraḥ tam [prativindhyaṃ] navabhiḥ svarṇapuṅkhaiḥ śilādhautaiḥ
kaṅkabarhiṇavājitaiḥ bhallaiḥ bāhvoḥ ca urasi ārdayat

18. Citra then wounded him [Prativindhya] on both arms and on the chest with nine broad-headed arrows, which were golden-shafted, sharpened on stone, and adorned with heron and peacock feathers.

Words meanings summery:

• तम् (tam) - Refers to Prativindhya, who was the subject of the previous verse. (him, that (masculine accusative singular))

• चित्रः (citraḥ) - The warrior who was hit by Prativindhya in the previous verse, now retaliating. (Citra (proper name))

• नवभिः (navabhiḥ) - (arrows are implied) (with nine)

• भल्लैः (bhallaiḥ) - with broad-headed arrows, with lances

• बाह्वोः (bāhvoḥ) - on the two arms, in the arms

• उरसि (urasi) - on the chest, in the breast

• च (ca) - and, also

• आर्दयत् (ārdayat) - he afflicted, he tormented, he wounded

• स्वर्णपुङ्खैः (svarṇapuṅkhaiḥ) - Describes the bhallaiḥ. (with golden-shafted (arrows))

• शिलाधौतैः (śilādhautaiḥ) - Describes the bhallaiḥ. (with stone-whetted (arrows), sharpened on stone)

• कङ्कबर्हिणवाजितैः (kaṅkabarhiṇavājitaiḥ) - Describes the bhallaiḥ. (with [arrows] adorned with heron and peacock feathers)

Words meanings and morphology

तम् (tam) - Refers to Prativindhya, who was the subject of the previous verse. (him, that (masculine accusative singular))

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, him, it

Note: Object of ārdayat.

चित्रः (citraḥ) - The warrior who was hit by Prativindhya in the previous verse, now retaliating. (Citra (proper name))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of citra

citra - Citra (proper name), bright, variegated, wonderful

Note: Subject of ārdayat.

नवभिः (navabhiḥ) - (arrows are implied) (with nine)

(numeral)

Note: Agrees with bhallaiḥ.

भल्लैः (bhallaiḥ) - with broad-headed arrows, with lances

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of bhalla

bhalla - broad-headed arrow, lance, dart

Note: Instrument of wounding.

बाह्वोः (bāhvoḥ) - on the two arms, in the arms

(noun)

Locative, masculine, dual of bāhu

bāhu - arm

Note: Locative of place where wounded.

उरसि (urasi) - on the chest, in the breast

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of uras

uras - chest, breast, bosom

Note: Locative of place where wounded.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects bāhvoḥ and urasi.

आर्दयत् (ārdayat) - he afflicted, he tormented, he wounded

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of ārdayat

Imperfect tense, 3rd person singular, active voice. From root √ard (to pain, hurt, torment).

Root: ard (class 1)

स्वर्णपुङ्खैः (svarṇapuṅkhaiḥ) - Describes the bhallaiḥ. (with golden-shafted (arrows))

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of svarṇapuṅkha

svarṇapuṅkha - having golden shafts/feathers

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (svarṇa+puṅkha)

• svarṇa – gold
  noun (neuter)
• puṅkha – shaft (of an arrow), feathered part of an arrow
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agrees with bhallaiḥ.

शिलाधौतैः (śilādhautaiḥ) - Describes the bhallaiḥ. (with stone-whetted (arrows), sharpened on stone)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of śilādhauta

śilādhauta - stone-whetted, sharpened on stone

Past Passive Participle

From śilā (stone) + dhauta (washed, polished, whetted from √dhāv). Compound of śilā (instrumental sense) and dhauta (PPP).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śilā+dhauta)

• śilā – stone, rock
  noun (feminine)
• dhauta – washed, purified, cleaned, polished, whetted
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From √dhāv
  Root: dhāv (class 1)

Note: Agrees with bhallaiḥ.

कङ्कबर्हिणवाजितैः (kaṅkabarhiṇavājitaiḥ) - Describes the bhallaiḥ. (with [arrows] adorned with heron and peacock feathers)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of kaṅkabarhiṇavājita

kaṅkabarhiṇavājita - adorned with feathers of herons and peacocks

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (kaṅka+barhiṇa+vājita)

• kaṅka – heron, crane
  noun (masculine)
• barhiṇa – peacock
  noun (masculine)
• vājita – adorned with feathers, feathered
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From √vāj (to fly, to be swift) or √vāj (to adorn with feathers).
  Root: vāj

Note: Agrees with bhallaiḥ.