महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-10, verse-14

तच्छिरो न्यपतद्भूमौ सुमहच्चित्रवर्मणः ।
यदृच्छया यथा चन्द्रश्च्युतः स्वर्गान्महीतले ॥१४॥

14. tacchiro nyapatadbhūmau sumahaccitravarmaṇaḥ ,
yadṛcchayā yathā candraścyutaḥ svargānmahītale.

14. tat śiraḥ nyapatat bhūmau sumahat citravarmaṇaḥ
yadṛcchayā yathā candraḥ cyutaḥ svargāt mahītale

14. citravarmaṇaḥ tat sumahat śiraḥ bhūmau nyapatat,
yathā yadṛcchayā candraḥ svargāt mahītale cyutaḥ

14. That very great head of Chitravardhan fell to the ground, just as the moon falls to the earth by chance from heaven.

Words meanings summery:

• तत् (tat) - that (head) (that, this)

• शिरः (śiraḥ) - the head (of Chitravardhan) (head)

• न्यपतत् (nyapatat) - it fell down (it fell down, it descended)

• भूमौ (bhūmau) - on the ground (on the ground, on the earth)

• सुमहत् (sumahat) - very great (very great, immense)

• चित्रवर्मणः (citravarmaṇaḥ) - of Chitravardhan (the name of the enemy) (of Chitravardan (proper noun), of one with variegated/splendid armour)

• यदृच्छया (yadṛcchayā) - by chance (by chance, accidentally, spontaneously)

• यथा (yathā) - just as (as, just as, according to)

• चन्द्रः (candraḥ) - the moon (moon)

• च्युतः (cyutaḥ) - fallen (from heaven) (fallen, deviated, dropped)

• स्वर्गात् (svargāt) - from heaven (from heaven, from the celestial abode)

• महीतले (mahītale) - on the earth (on the surface of the earth, on the earth)

Words meanings and morphology

तत् (tat) - that (head) (that, this)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

शिरः (śiraḥ) - the head (of Chitravardhan) (head)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of śiras

śiras - head

Note: Subject of 'nyapatat'

न्यपतत् (nyapatat) - it fell down (it fell down, it descended)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of pat

Imperfect Tense

Third person singular, active voice, Imperfect tense, with prefix ni-

Prefix: ni

Root: pat (class 1)

भूमौ (bhūmau) - on the ground (on the ground, on the earth)

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of bhūmi

bhūmi - earth, ground, land

Root: bhū (class 1)

सुमहत् (sumahat) - very great (very great, immense)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of sumahat

sumahat - very great, immense

From su- (very) + mahat (great)

Compound type : karmadhāraya (su+mahat)

• su – good, well, very
  indeclinable
• mahat – great, large, mighty
  adjective
  Root: mah (class 1)

चित्रवर्मणः (citravarmaṇaḥ) - of Chitravardhan (the name of the enemy) (of Chitravardan (proper noun), of one with variegated/splendid armour)

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of citravarman

citravarman - having splendid armour, name of a warrior (Chitravardhan)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (citra+varman)

• citra – variegated, splendid, wonderful
  adjective
  Root: citr (class 10)
• varman – armour, coat of mail
  noun (neuter)
  Root: vṛ (class 5)

Note: The enemy whose head was severed.

यदृच्छया (yadṛcchayā) - by chance (by chance, accidentally, spontaneously)

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of yadṛcchā

yadṛcchā - will, desire, freedom, chance

यथा (yathā) - just as (as, just as, according to)

(indeclinable)

चन्द्रः (candraḥ) - the moon (moon)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of candra

candra - moon, bright, shining

From root cand (to shine)

Root: cand (class 1)

च्युतः (cyutaḥ) - fallen (from heaven) (fallen, deviated, dropped)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of cyuta

cyuta - fallen, dropped, deviated

Past Passive Participle

From root cyu (to move, fall) + kta (past passive participle suffix)

Root: cyu (class 1)

स्वर्गात् (svargāt) - from heaven (from heaven, from the celestial abode)

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of svarga

svarga - heaven, celestial abode

Root: svarj

महीतले (mahītale) - on the earth (on the surface of the earth, on the earth)

(noun)

Locative, masculine/neuter, singular of mahītala

mahītala - earth's surface, ground

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (mahī+tala)

• mahī – earth, land
  noun (feminine)
  Root: mah (class 1)
• tala – surface, plane, palm of hand, sole of foot
  noun (neuter)
  Root: tal (class 10)