महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-80, verse-7

इन्द्रायुधसवर्णाभाः पताका भरतर्षभ ।
दोधूयमाना रथिनां शोभयन्ति महारथान् ॥७॥

7. indrāyudhasavarṇābhāḥ patākā bharatarṣabha ,
dodhūyamānā rathināṁ śobhayanti mahārathān.

7. indrāyudhasavarṇābhāḥ patākāḥ bharatarṣabha
dodhūyamānāḥ rathinām śobhayanti mahārathān

7. bharatarṣabha indrāyudhasavarṇābhāḥ dodhūyamānāḥ
patākāḥ rathinām mahārathān śobhayanti

7. O best among the Bharatas, the flags, displaying colors like a rainbow and constantly fluttering, adorn the great chariots of the chariot warriors.

Words meanings summery:

• इन्द्रायुधसवर्णाभाः (indrāyudhasavarṇābhāḥ) - having the splendor of colors like a rainbow

• पताकाः (patākāḥ) - flags, streamers

• भरतर्षभ (bharatarṣabha) - O best of Bharatas

• दोधूयमानाः (dodhūyamānāḥ) - repeatedly waving, constantly fluttering, shaking much

• रथिनाम् (rathinām) - of the chariot warriors, of the charioteers

• शोभयन्ति (śobhayanti) - they adorn, they make beautiful, they enhance

• महारथान् (mahārathān) - the great chariots (the great chariots, the great warriors (from chariots))

Words meanings and morphology

इन्द्रायुधसवर्णाभाः (indrāyudhasavarṇābhāḥ) - having the splendor of colors like a rainbow

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of indrāyudhasavarṇābhā

indrāyudhasavarṇābhā - having colors like a rainbow, resembling the splendor of Indra's bow

Bahuvrīhi compound: 'having the luster/appearance of rainbow-like colors'.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (indrāyudha+savarṇa+ābhā)

• indrāyudha – Indra's weapon, rainbow
  noun (neuter)
  Tatpurusha compound: 'Indra's weapon'. 'Indrāyudha' commonly means rainbow.
• savarṇa – of the same color, similar in appearance
  adjective
  From 'sa' (with) + 'varṇa' (color).
  Prefix: sa
• ābhā – splendor, luster, appearance, color
  noun (feminine)
  From 'ā' + root 'bhā' (to shine).
  Prefix: ā
  Root: bhā (class 2)

पताकाः (patākāḥ) - flags, streamers

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of patākā

patākā - small banner, streamer, flag

Root: pat (class 1)

Note: Subject of the verb 'śobhayanti'.

भरतर्षभ (bharatarṣabha) - O best of Bharatas

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bharatarṣabha

bharatarṣabha - bull among Bharatas, best of Bharatas

Tatpurusha compound: 'bull/best among Bharatas'.

Compound type : tatpurusha (bharata+ṛṣabha)

• bharata – descendant of Bharata, a king, a warrior (name of a dynasty)
  proper noun (masculine)
  Root: bhṛ (class 3)
• ṛṣabha – bull, chief, excellent, best
  noun (masculine)

दोधूयमानाः (dodhūyamānāḥ) - repeatedly waving, constantly fluttering, shaking much

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of dodhūyamāna

dodhūyamāna - repeatedly waving, constantly fluttering, shaking much

Intensive Present Participle

Intensive form of root 'dhū' (to shake) + 'śānac' suffix. Reduplication 'do' indicates intensity or repetition.

Root: dhū (class 5)

रथिनाम् (rathinām) - of the chariot warriors, of the charioteers

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of rathin

rathin - charioteer, warrior fighting from a chariot

From 'ratha' (chariot) + 'in' suffix.

Note: Refers to the owners of the 'mahārathān'.

शोभयन्ति (śobhayanti) - they adorn, they make beautiful, they enhance

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of śubh

Causative Present Tense (Laṭ)

Causative stem 'śobhaya' from root 'śubh'. Present active 3rd person plural.

Root: śubh (class 1)

महारथान् (mahārathān) - the great chariots (the great chariots, the great warriors (from chariots))

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of mahāratha

mahāratha - great chariot, great warrior (one who can fight 10,000 warriors)

Karmadhāraya compound: 'great chariot'.

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+ratha)

• mahat – great, large
  adjective
  Stem 'mahat' becomes 'mahā' in compounds.
• ratha – chariot, car
  noun (masculine)
  From root 'ram' (to delight) or 'ṛ' (to go) + 'tha' suffix.
  Root: ram/ṛ (class 1)

Note: Object of 'śobhayanti'.