महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-80, verse-3

तेषां तु रथमुह्यानां रथेषु विविधा ध्वजाः ।
प्रत्यदृश्यन्त राजेन्द्र ज्वलिता इव पावकाः ॥३॥

3. teṣāṁ tu rathamuhyānāṁ ratheṣu vividhā dhvajāḥ ,
pratyadṛśyanta rājendra jvalitā iva pāvakāḥ.

3. teṣām tu ratha-mukhyānām ratheṣu vividhāḥ dhvajāḥ
prati-adṛśyanta rāja-indra jvalitāḥ iva pāvakāḥ

3. rāja-indra,
tu teṣām ratha-mukhyānām ratheṣu vividhāḥ dhvajāḥ pāvakāḥ iva jvalitāḥ prati-adṛśyanta.

3. Indeed, O King Dhritarashtra, various banners belonging to those chief charioteers were seen on their chariots, blazing like fires.

Words meanings summery:

• तेषाम् (teṣām) - of them, those

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, yet

• रथ-मुख्यानाम् (ratha-mukhyānām) - of the chief warriors on chariots (of the chief charioteers)

• रथेषु (ratheṣu) - on the chariots

• विविधाः (vividhāḥ) - various, diverse, manifold

• ध्वजाः (dhvajāḥ) - banners, standards

• प्रति-अदृश्यन्त (prati-adṛśyanta) - were seen, appeared

• राज-इन्द्र (rāja-indra) - O Dhritarashtra (O King of kings, O chief of kings)

• ज्वलिताः (jvalitāḥ) - burning, blazing, inflamed

• इव (iva) - like, as, as if

• पावकाः (pāvakāḥ) - fires

Words meanings and morphology

तेषाम् (teṣām) - of them, those

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

Note: Refers to the warriors mentioned in the previous verse.

तु (tu) - but, indeed, yet

(indeclinable)

Note: Connective particle, often indicating emphasis or slight contrast.

रथ-मुख्यानाम् (ratha-mukhyānām) - of the chief warriors on chariots (of the chief charioteers)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of ratha-mukhya

ratha-mukhya - chief of chariots, principal charioteer, chief warrior on a chariot

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (ratha+mukhya)

• ratha – chariot
  noun (masculine)
  Root: ram (class 1)
• mukhya – chief, principal, foremost
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Refers to the main warriors.

रथेषु (ratheṣu) - on the chariots

(noun)

Locative, masculine, plural of ratha

ratha - chariot

Root: ram (class 1)

Note: Location where the banners were seen.

विविधाः (vividhāḥ) - various, diverse, manifold

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vividha

vividha - various, diverse, manifold, of many kinds

Note: Qualifies 'dhvajāḥ'.

ध्वजाः (dhvajāḥ) - banners, standards

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of dhvaja

dhvaja - banner, standard, flag

Note: Subject of 'prati-adṛśyanta'.

प्रति-अदृश्यन्त (prati-adṛśyanta) - were seen, appeared

(verb)

3rd person , plural, passive/middle, past imperfect (laṅ) of prati-dṛś

imperfect 3rd plural passive/middle

Prefix: prati

Root: dṛś (class 1)

राज-इन्द्र (rāja-indra) - O Dhritarashtra (O King of kings, O chief of kings)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rāja-indra

rāja-indra - chief of kings, king of kings (like Indra)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (rājan+indra)

• rājan – king
  noun (masculine)
  Root: rāj (class 1)
• indra – Indra (king of gods), chief, excellent
  noun (masculine)

Note: Sanjaya addressing Dhritarashtra.

ज्वलिताः (jvalitāḥ) - burning, blazing, inflamed

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of jvalita

jvalita - burning, blazing, lighted

Past Passive Participle

from root jval- 'to burn, blaze'

Root: jval (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'dhvajāḥ'.

इव (iva) - like, as, as if

(indeclinable)

Note: Particle of comparison.

पावकाः (pāvakāḥ) - fires

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of pāvaka

pāvaka - fire, purifying, pure

from root pū- 'to purify'

Root: pū (class 1)

Note: In a simile with 'jvalitāḥ'.