महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-80, verse-2

संजय उवाच ।
ध्वजान्बहुविधाकाराञ्शृणु तेषां महात्मनाम् ।
रूपतो वर्णतश्चैव नामतश्च निबोध मे ॥२॥

2. saṁjaya uvāca ,
dhvajānbahuvidhākārāñśṛṇu teṣāṁ mahātmanām ,
rūpato varṇataścaiva nāmataśca nibodha me.

2. saṃjayaḥ uvāca dhvajān bahu-vidha-ākārān śṛṇu teṣām
mahā-ātmanām rūpataḥ varṇataḥ ca eva nāmataḥ ca ni-bodha me

2. saṃjayaḥ uvāca teṣām mahā-ātmanām bahu-vidha-ākārān dhvajān śṛṇu.
rūpataḥ ca eva varṇataḥ ca nāmataḥ me ni-bodha.

2. Sanjaya said: 'Listen to me concerning those banners of the great souls (the Pandavas and their allies), which are of many various forms. Learn from me about their form, color, and indeed their names.'

Words meanings summery:

• संजयः (saṁjayaḥ) - Sanjaya

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• ध्वजान् (dhvajān) - banners, standards

• बहु-विध-आकारान् (bahu-vidha-ākārān) - of many kinds of forms

• शृणु (śṛṇu) - hear, listen

• तेषाम् (teṣām) - of them, those

• महा-आत्मनाम् (mahā-ātmanām) - of the great warriors (of the great souls)

• रूपतः (rūpataḥ) - by form, in terms of form

• वर्णतः (varṇataḥ) - by color, in terms of color

• च (ca) - and, also

• एव (eva) - indeed, just, only

• नामतः (nāmataḥ) - by name, in terms of name

• च (ca) - and, also

• नि-बोध (ni-bodha) - understand, perceive, learn

• मे (me) - from me, to me, my

Words meanings and morphology

संजयः (saṁjayaḥ) - Sanjaya

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃjaya

saṁjaya - Sanjaya (name of Dhritarashtra's charioteer and reporter)

Note: Speaker of the verse.

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

perfect 3rd singular active, from root vac

Root: vac (class 2)

ध्वजान् (dhvajān) - banners, standards

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of dhvaja

dhvaja - banner, standard, flag

Note: Object of 'śṛṇu'.

बहु-विध-आकारान् (bahu-vidha-ākārān) - of many kinds of forms

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of bahu-vidha-ākāra

bahu-vidha-ākāra - having many various shapes or forms

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (bahu+vidha+ākāra)

• bahu – many, much
  adjective (masculine)
• vidha – kind, sort, manner
  noun (masculine)
• ākāra – form, shape, appearance
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: ā
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Qualifies 'dhvajān'.

शृणु (śṛṇu) - hear, listen

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of śru

imperative 2nd singular active

Root: śru (class 5)

Note: Command to Dhritarashtra.

तेषाम् (teṣām) - of them, those

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

Note: Refers to 'mahā-ātmanām'.

महा-आत्मनाम् (mahā-ātmanām) - of the great warriors (of the great souls)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of mahā-ātman

mahā-ātman - great-souled, noble, illustrious (a great soul (ātman))

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+ātman)

• mahā – great, large
  adjective
• ātman – self, soul, essence, (ātman)
  noun (masculine)

Note: Refers to the illustrious warriors, likely Pandavas and their allies.

रूपतः (rūpataḥ) - by form, in terms of form

(indeclinable)

ablative suffix -tas

वर्णतः (varṇataḥ) - by color, in terms of color

(indeclinable)

ablative suffix -tas

Root: vṛ (class 5)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects 'rūpataḥ' and 'varṇataḥ'.

एव (eva) - indeed, just, only

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle.

नामतः (nāmataḥ) - by name, in terms of name

(indeclinable)

ablative suffix -tas

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects 'varṇataḥ' and 'nāmataḥ'.

नि-बोध (ni-bodha) - understand, perceive, learn

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of ni-budh

imperative 2nd singular active

Prefix: ni

Root: budh (class 1)

Note: Command to Dhritarashtra.

मे (me) - from me, to me, my

(pronoun)

singular of asmad

asmad - I, me, my

Note: Used in a dative/genitive sense, "from me" or "my" (referring to what Sanjaya is about to tell).