महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-75, verse-4

पदातिनं तु कौन्तेयं युध्यमानं नरर्षभाः ।
नाशक्नुवन्वारयितुं तदद्भुतमिवाभवत् ॥४॥

4. padātinaṁ tu kaunteyaṁ yudhyamānaṁ nararṣabhāḥ ,
nāśaknuvanvārayituṁ tadadbhutamivābhavat.

4. padātinam tu kaunteyam yudhyamānam nararṣabhāḥ
na aśaknuvan vārayitum tat adbhutam iva abhavat

4. nararṣabhāḥ,
tu padātinam yudhyamānam kaunteyam vārayitum na aśaknuvan; tat iva adbhutam abhavat.

4. But, O best of men (nararṣabhāḥ), they were unable to stop the son of Kunti (Kaunteya) fighting on foot; that was indeed like a wonder.

Words meanings summery:

• पदातिनम् (padātinam) - Arjuna, fighting on foot (foot soldier, on foot)

• तु (tu) - but (but, indeed, however)

• कौन्तेयम् (kaunteyam) - Arjuna, son of Kunti (son of Kunti)

• युध्यमानम् (yudhyamānam) - Arjuna, who was fighting (fighting, warring)

• नरर्षभाः (nararṣabhāḥ) - vocative address to the listener (O best of men)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• अशक्नुवन् (aśaknuvan) - they were able (to stop him) (they were able)

• वारयितुम् (vārayitum) - to stop, to prevent

• तत् (tat) - that (inability to stop Arjuna) (that, it)

• अद्भुतम् (adbhutam) - a wonder (wonder, amazing, wonderful)

• इव (iva) - like (like, as if, as)

• अभवत् (abhavat) - it was (like a wonder) (it was, it became)

Words meanings and morphology

पदातिनम् (padātinam) - Arjuna, fighting on foot (foot soldier, on foot)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of padātin

padātin - foot soldier, infantry, going on foot

From 'pad' (foot) and 'ati' (going).

तु (tu) - but (but, indeed, however)

(indeclinable)

Conjunction/particle.

कौन्तेयम् (kaunteyam) - Arjuna, son of Kunti (son of Kunti)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kaunteya

kaunteya - son of Kunti (a name for Arjuna)

Derived from 'Kunti' with a patronymic suffix.

युध्यमानम् (yudhyamānam) - Arjuna, who was fighting (fighting, warring)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of yudhyamāna

yudhyamāna - fighting, warring, engaged in battle

Present Middle Participle

Present middle participle of the root 'yudh' (to fight).

Root: yudh (class 4)

नरर्षभाः (nararṣabhāḥ) - vocative address to the listener (O best of men)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, plural of nararṣabha

nararṣabha - best of men, chief among men

Compound noun.

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (nara+ṛṣabha)

• nara – man, human being
  noun (masculine)
• ṛṣabha – bull, best, chief, excellent
  noun (masculine)

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

Negative particle.

अशक्नुवन् (aśaknuvan) - they were able (to stop him) (they were able)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of śak

Imperfect

3rd person plural imperfect form of the root 'śak'.

Root: śak (class 5)

वारयितुम् (vārayitum) - to stop, to prevent

(indeclinable)

Infinitive

Infinitive form of the causative of the root 'vṛ' (to cover, choose).

Root: vṛ (class 5)

तत् (tat) - that (inability to stop Arjuna) (that, it)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, it, he, she

Demonstrative pronoun.

अद्भुतम् (adbhutam) - a wonder (wonder, amazing, wonderful)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of adbhuta

adbhuta - wonderful, astonishing, a marvel, a wonder

इव (iva) - like (like, as if, as)

(indeclinable)

Particle of comparison.

अभवत् (abhavat) - it was (like a wonder) (it was, it became)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of bhū

Imperfect

3rd person singular imperfect form of the root 'bhū'.

Root: bhū (class 1)

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