महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-75, verse-28

ततः शीघ्रतरं प्रायात्पाण्डवः सैन्धवं प्रति ।
निवर्तमाने तिग्मांशौ हृष्टैः पीतोदकैर्हयैः ॥२८॥

28. tataḥ śīghrataraṁ prāyātpāṇḍavaḥ saindhavaṁ prati ,
nivartamāne tigmāṁśau hṛṣṭaiḥ pītodakairhayaiḥ.

28. tataḥ śīghrataram prāyāt pāṇḍavaḥ saindhavam prati
nivartamāne tigmāṃśau hṛṣṭaiḥ pītodakaiḥ hayaiḥ

28. tataḥ pāṇḍavaḥ tigmāṃśau nivartamāne hṛṣṭaiḥ
pītodakaiḥ hayaiḥ saindhavam prati śīghrataram prāyāt

28. Then, the son of Pandu (Arjuna) advanced more swiftly towards the King of Sindhu (Jayadratha), while the sun was (already) setting, accompanied by his horses that were refreshed and had drunk water.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereupon

• शीघ्रतरम् (śīghrataram) - more quickly, more swiftly

• प्रायात् (prāyāt) - he went forth, he proceeded

• पाण्डवः (pāṇḍavaḥ) - Arjuna (the son of Pandu)

• सैन्धवम् (saindhavam) - towards Jayadratha (towards the king of Sindhu)

• प्रति (prati) - towards, against

• निवर्तमाने (nivartamāne) - while returning, in the returning (sun)

• तिग्मांशौ (tigmāṁśau) - (of) the sun

• हृष्टैः (hṛṣṭaiḥ) - by delighted, by refreshed, by eager (horses)

• पीतोदकैः (pītodakaiḥ) - by those who had drunk water, by water-drinking (horses)

• हयैः (hayaiḥ) - by horses

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereupon

(indeclinable)

Avyaya formed from tad.

शीघ्रतरम् (śīghrataram) - more quickly, more swiftly

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of śīghratara

śīghratara - swifter, more speedy

Comparative degree of śīghra.

Note: Used adverbially.

प्रायात् (prāyāt) - he went forth, he proceeded

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of i

Third person singular imperfect active.

Prefix: pra

Root: i (class 2)

पाण्डवः (pāṇḍavaḥ) - Arjuna (the son of Pandu)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pāṇḍava

pāṇḍava - descendant of Pandu

Patronymic from Paṇḍu.

Note: Refers to Arjuna.

सैन्धवम् (saindhavam) - towards Jayadratha (towards the king of Sindhu)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of saindhava

saindhava - relating to Sindhu, inhabitant of Sindhu, king of Sindhu

Derivative from Sindhu.

Note: Refers to Jayadratha.

प्रति (prati) - towards, against

(indeclinable)

निवर्तमाने (nivartamāne) - while returning, in the returning (sun)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of nivartamāna

nivartamāna - returning, turning back, setting (of sun)

Present Middle Participle

Derived from root vṛt- with prefix ni-, middle voice.

Prefix: ni

Root: vṛt (class 1)

तिग्मांशौ (tigmāṁśau) - (of) the sun

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of tigmāṃśu

tigmāṁśu - the sun (one whose rays are sharp/hot)

Compound: tigma (sharp, hot) + aṃśu (ray).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (tigma+aṃśu)

• tigma – sharp, hot, fiery
  adjective
  Root: tij
• aṃśu – ray of light, beam
  noun (masculine)
  Root: aṃś

हृष्टैः (hṛṣṭaiḥ) - by delighted, by refreshed, by eager (horses)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of hṛṣṭa

hṛṣṭa - delighted, glad, refreshed, bristling (hair)

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root hṛṣ- by suffix -ta.

Root: hṛṣ (class 1)

पीतोदकैः (pītodakaiḥ) - by those who had drunk water, by water-drinking (horses)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of pītodaka

pītodaka - having drunk water, (of animals) that have drunk water

Compound: pīta (drunk) + udaka (water).

Compound type : bahuvrihi (pīta+udaka)

• pīta – drunk, imbibed
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root pā-.
  Root: pā (class 1)
• udaka – water
  noun (neuter)
  Root: und (class 7)

Note: Refers to the horses.

हयैः (hayaiḥ) - by horses

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of haya

haya - horse

Derived from root hi-.

Root: hi (class 5)

Note: Agent of Arjuna's movement or instruments accompanying him.