महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-18, verse-39

तं प्रत्यगृह्णंस्त्वरिता व्यूढानीकाः प्रहारिणः ।
युधिष्ठिरं परीप्सन्तस्तदासीत्तुमुलं महत् ॥३९॥

39. taṁ pratyagṛhṇaṁstvaritā vyūḍhānīkāḥ prahāriṇaḥ ,
yudhiṣṭhiraṁ parīpsantastadāsīttumulaṁ mahat.

39. tam pratyagṛhṇan tvaritāḥ vyūḍhānīkāḥ prahāriṇaḥ
yudhiṣṭhiram parīpsantaḥ tadā āsīt tumulam mahat

39. tvaritāḥ vyūḍhānīkāḥ yudhiṣṭhiram parīpsantaḥ
prahāriṇaḥ tam pratyagṛhṇan tadā mahat tumulam āsīt

39. The swift attackers, with their armies arrayed, desiring to protect Yudhishthira, opposed him. A great tumult then took place.

Words meanings summery:

• तम् (tam) - Droṇa (him, that)

• प्रत्यगृह्णन् (pratyagṛhṇan) - they opposed, they countered, they received

• त्वरिताः (tvaritāḥ) - swift, hurried, quick

• व्यूढानीकाः (vyūḍhānīkāḥ) - with arrayed armies, having battle formations

• प्रहारिणः (prahāriṇaḥ) - attackers, strikers, warriors

• युधिष्ठिरम् (yudhiṣṭhiram) - Yudhishthira

• परीप्सन्तः (parīpsantaḥ) - wishing to protect, desirous of protecting

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

• आसीत् (āsīt) - it was, there was

• तुमुलम् (tumulam) - tumultuous, great noise, uproar

• महत् (mahat) - great, large, important

Words meanings and morphology

तम् (tam) - Droṇa (him, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Droṇa.

प्रत्यगृह्णन् (pratyagṛhṇan) - they opposed, they countered, they received

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, imperfect (laṅ) of pratyagrah

Prefixes: prati+ā

Root: grah (class 9)

त्वरिताः (tvaritāḥ) - swift, hurried, quick

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tvarita

tvarita - swift, hurried, quick, quickened

Past Passive Participle

From √tvar (to hurry, hasten)

Root: tvar (class 1)

Note: Qualifies prahāriṇaḥ.

व्यूढानीकाः (vyūḍhānīkāḥ) - with arrayed armies, having battle formations

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vyūḍhānīka

vyūḍhānīka - one whose army is arrayed for battle

Bahuvrīhi compound: vyūḍha (arrayed) + anīka (army)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (vyūḍha+anīka)

• vyūḍha – arrayed, arranged, drawn up
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From vi-√ūh (to remove, push aside, arrange)
  Prefix: vi
  Root: ūh (class 1)
• anīka – army, host, array of troops
  noun (neuter)

Note: Qualifies prahāriṇaḥ.

प्रहारिणः (prahāriṇaḥ) - attackers, strikers, warriors

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of prahārin

prahārin - attacker, striker, inflicting a blow

agent noun

From pra-√hṛ (to strike, attack)

Prefix: pra

Root: hṛ (class 1)

Note: Subject of pratyagṛhṇan.

युधिष्ठिरम् (yudhiṣṭhiram) - Yudhishthira

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - Yudhishthira (name of the eldest Pandava)

Lit. 'firm in battle'.

Note: Object of parīpsantaḥ.

परीप्सन्तः (parīpsantaḥ) - wishing to protect, desirous of protecting

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of parīpsat

parīpsat - wishing to protect, desirous of defending

Present Active Participle (Desiderative)

Desiderative form of √pā (to protect).

Prefix: pari

Root: pā (class 2)

Note: Qualifies prahāriṇaḥ.

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)

From tad + dā (suffix)

आसीत् (āsīt) - it was, there was

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of as

Root: as (class 2)

तुमुलम् (tumulam) - tumultuous, great noise, uproar

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tumula

tumula - tumultuous, noisy, great confusion, uproar

Note: Qualifies mahat. Predicate nominative with āsīt.

महत् (mahat) - great, large, important

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of mahat

mahat - great, large, powerful, important

From √mah (to be great) + at (present participle suffix)

Root: mah (class 1)

Note: Qualifies tumulam.