महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-18, verse-37

सा भूमिर्भरतश्रेष्ठ निहतैस्तैर्महारथैः ।
आस्तीर्णा संबभौ सर्वा प्रेतीभूतैः समन्ततः ॥३७॥

37. sā bhūmirbharataśreṣṭha nihataistairmahārathaiḥ ,
āstīrṇā saṁbabhau sarvā pretībhūtaiḥ samantataḥ.

37. sā bhūmiḥ bharataśreṣṭha nihataiḥ taiḥ mahārathaiḥ
āstīrṇā sambabhau sarvā pretībhūtaiḥ samantataḥ

37. bharataśreṣṭha,
sā sarvā bhūmiḥ taiḥ nihataiḥ mahārathaiḥ pretībhūtaiḥ samantataḥ āstīrṇā sambabhau.

37. That entire earth, O best of Bharatas, became covered and shone, with those great warriors, slain and transformed into ghosts, strewn all around.

Words meanings summery:

• सा (sā) - that (that, she)

• भूमिः (bhūmiḥ) - earth (earth, ground, land)

• भरतश्रेष्ठ (bharataśreṣṭha) - O best of Bharatas (referring to a Kuru prince like Yudhiṣṭhira or Dhṛtarāṣṭra) (O best of Bharatas)

• निहतैः (nihataiḥ) - by the slain (by the slain, by the killed)

• तैः (taiḥ) - by those

• महारथैः (mahārathaiḥ) - by great warriors (by great warriors, by mighty charioteers)

• आस्तीर्णा (āstīrṇā) - covered (spread, covered, strewn)

• सम्बभौ (sambabhau) - shone (shone, appeared, became visible)

• सर्वा (sarvā) - entire (all, whole, entire)

• प्रेतीभूतैः (pretībhūtaiḥ) - by those transformed into ghosts (by those who have become ghosts)

• समन्ततः (samantataḥ) - all around (from all sides, all around, everywhere)

Words meanings and morphology

सा (sā) - that (that, she)

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Agrees with 'bhūmiḥ'.

भूमिः (bhūmiḥ) - earth (earth, ground, land)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of bhūmi

bhūmi - earth, ground, soil, land

Note: Subject of 'sambabhau'.

भरतश्रेष्ठ (bharataśreṣṭha) - O best of Bharatas (referring to a Kuru prince like Yudhiṣṭhira or Dhṛtarāṣṭra) (O best of Bharatas)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bharataśreṣṭha

bharataśreṣṭha - best among Bharatas (descendants of Bharata)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (bharata+śreṣṭha)

• bharata – descendant of Bharata (a king), an Indian
  proper noun (masculine)
• śreṣṭha – best, most excellent, supreme
  adjective
  Superlative of 'praśasya' (praiseworthy)

निहतैः (nihataiḥ) - by the slain (by the slain, by the killed)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of nihata

nihata - struck down, killed, slain, destroyed

Past Passive Participle

From 'ni-' (prefix) + root 'han' (to strike, kill) + 'kta' (suffix for PPP)

Prefix: ni

Root: han (class 2)

तैः (taiḥ) - by those

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

महारथैः (mahārathaiḥ) - by great warriors (by great warriors, by mighty charioteers)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of mahāratha

mahāratha - great warrior, mighty charioteer

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+ratha)

• mahā – great, large, extensive
  adjective (feminine)
  Feminine stem of 'mahat' (great) used as first member of compound
• ratha – chariot, warrior (one who rides a chariot)
  noun (masculine)
  From root √ram (to delight) + 'atha' suffix or √rādh (to prepare)
  Root: ram (class 1)

Note: Agent for 'āstīrṇā' and 'pretībhūtaiḥ'.

आस्तीर्णा (āstīrṇā) - covered (spread, covered, strewn)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of āstīrṇa

āstīrṇa - spread, covered, strewn, diffused

Past Passive Participle

From 'ā-' (prefix) + root 'stṛ' (to spread) + 'kta' (suffix for PPP)

Prefix: ā

Root: stṛ (class 5)

सम्बभौ (sambabhau) - shone (shone, appeared, became visible)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of sambhā

perfect

From 'sam-' (prefix) + root 'bhā' (to shine); third person singular, active voice (Parasmaipada)

Prefix: sam

Root: bhā (class 2)

सर्वा (sarvā) - entire (all, whole, entire)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole, entire

प्रेतीभूतैः (pretībhūtaiḥ) - by those transformed into ghosts (by those who have become ghosts)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of pretībhūta

pretībhūta - having become a preta (ghost), transformed into a ghost

Past Passive Participle (secondary derivative)

Formed from 'preta' (ghost) + 'ībhū' (to become) + 'kta' (PPP suffix)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (preta+ībhūta)

• preta – departed, deceased, ghost, spirit of the dead
  noun (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From 'pra-' (prefix) + root 'i' (to go) + 'kta' (PPP suffix)
  Prefix: pra
  Root: i (class 2)
• ībhūta – become, turned into
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From 'ībhū' (to become, act like) + 'kta'
  Root: bhū (class 1)

समन्ततः (samantataḥ) - all around (from all sides, all around, everywhere)

(indeclinable)

Derived from 'samanta' (all-round) + 'tas' (suffix for 'from, on all sides')

Note: Modifies 'āstīrṇā'.