महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-18, verse-30

सोत्तरायुधिनो नागाः सपताकाङ्कुशायुधाः ।
पेतुः शक्राशनिहता द्रुमवन्त इवाचलाः ॥३०॥

30. sottarāyudhino nāgāḥ sapatākāṅkuśāyudhāḥ ,
petuḥ śakrāśanihatā drumavanta ivācalāḥ.

30. sottarāyudhinaḥ nāgāḥ sapatākāṅkuśāyudhāḥ
petuḥ śakrāśanihatāḥ drumavantaḥ iva acalāḥ

30. sottarāyudhinaḥ sapatākāṅkuśāyudhāḥ nāgāḥ
śakrāśanihatāḥ drumavantaḥ acalāḥ iva petuḥ

30. The elephants, equipped with superior weapons and adorned with banners, elephant goads, and other arms, fell like tree-covered mountains struck by Indra's thunderbolt.

Words meanings summery:

• सोत्तरायुधिनः (sottarāyudhinaḥ) - those with superior/additional weapons

• नागाः (nāgāḥ) - elephants (elephants; snakes)

• सपताकाङ्कुशायुधाः (sapatākāṅkuśāyudhāḥ) - those with banners, goads, and weapons

• पेतुः (petuḥ) - they fell

• शक्राशनिहताः (śakrāśanihatāḥ) - struck by Indra's thunderbolt

• द्रुमवन्तः (drumavantaḥ) - having trees, covered with trees

• इव (iva) - like, as, as if

• अचलाः (acalāḥ) - mountains (mountains; immobile ones)

Words meanings and morphology

सोत्तरायुधिनः (sottarāyudhinaḥ) - those with superior/additional weapons

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sottarāyudhin

sottarāyudhin - one having superior weapons; one having additional weapons

From 'sa-' (with) + 'uttara-āyudha' (superior/additional weapon) + '-in' (possessive suffix).

Compound type : Bahuvrīhi (sa+uttara+āyudha)

• sa – with, together with
  indeclinable
  Used as a prefix in compounds to mean 'with'.
• uttara – superior, later, subsequent, additional, excellent
  adjective (neuter)
  From 'ud-' (up) + 'tṛ' (to cross).
  Prefix: ud
  Root: tṛ (class 1)
• āyudha – weapon, implement
  noun (neuter)
  From 'ā-' (towards) + 'yudh' (to fight).
  Prefix: ā
  Root: yudh (class 4)

Note: Qualifies 'nāgāḥ'.

नागाः (nāgāḥ) - elephants (elephants; snakes)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of nāga

nāga - snake, serpent; elephant; a mountain

From 'na' (not) + 'ga' (going) or 'nag' (mountain) + 'aṇ'.

Note: Subject of 'petuḥ'.

सपताकाङ्कुशायुधाः (sapatākāṅkuśāyudhāḥ) - those with banners, goads, and weapons

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sapatākāṅkuśāyudha

sapatākāṅkuśāyudha - having banners, elephant goads, and weapons

Bahuvrīhi compound: 'sa-' (with) + 'patākā' (banner) + 'aṅkuśa' (elephant goad) + 'āyudha' (weapon).

Compound type : Bahuvrīhi (sa+patākā+aṅkuśa+āyudha)

• sa – with, together with
  indeclinable
  Used as a prefix in compounds to mean 'with'.
• patākā – banner, flag, standard
  noun (feminine)
  From 'pat' (to fly/fall).
  Root: pat (class 1)
• aṅkuśa – elephant goad, hook
  noun (masculine)
  From 'aṅk' (to bend).
  Root: aṅk (class 1)
• āyudha – weapon, implement
  noun (neuter)
  From 'ā-' (towards) + 'yudh' (to fight).
  Prefix: ā
  Root: yudh (class 4)

Note: Qualifies 'nāgāḥ'.

पेतुः (petuḥ) - they fell

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (Lit) of pat

Perfect active

3rd person plural, Perfect tense.

Root: pat (class 1)

Note: Predicate for 'nāgāḥ'.

शक्राशनिहताः (śakrāśanihatāḥ) - struck by Indra's thunderbolt

(adjective (Past Passive Participle))

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (śakra+aśani+hata)

• śakra – Indra, powerful
  proper noun (masculine)
  Root: śak (class 5)
• aśani – thunderbolt, lightning
  noun (masculine)
  From 'aś' (to eat, to pervade).
  Root: aś (class 5)
• hata – struck, killed, hurt
  adjective (Past Passive Participle) (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'han' (to strike, kill).
  Root: han (class 2)

Note: Qualifies 'nāgāḥ'.

द्रुमवन्तः (drumavantaḥ) - having trees, covered with trees

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of drumavat

drumavat - possessing trees, forested

From 'druma' (tree) + possessive suffix '-vat'.

Note: Qualifies 'acalāḥ'.

इव (iva) - like, as, as if

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects 'nāgāḥ' with 'acalāḥ' in a simile.

अचलाः (acalāḥ) - mountains (mountains; immobile ones)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of acala

acala - mountain; immobile, fixed

From 'a-' (not) + 'cala' (moving).

Compound type : Nañ-Tatpuruṣa (a+cala)

• a – not, non-, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix.
• cala – moving, trembling, fickle
  adjective (masculine)
  From root 'cal' (to move).
  Root: cal (class 1)

Note: Compared to 'nāgāḥ'.