महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-18, verse-1

संजय उवाच ।
दृष्ट्वा तु संनिवृत्तांस्तान्संशप्तकगणान्पुनः ।
वासुदेवं महात्मानमर्जुनः समभाषत ॥१॥

1. saṁjaya uvāca ,
dṛṣṭvā tu saṁnivṛttāṁstānsaṁśaptakagaṇānpunaḥ ,
vāsudevaṁ mahātmānamarjunaḥ samabhāṣata.

1. sañjaya uvāca dṛṣṭvā tu sam nivṛttān tān saṃśaptaka
gaṇān punaḥ vāsudevam mahā ātmanam arjunaḥ sam abhāṣata

1. sañjaya uvāca arjunaḥ tu punaḥ sam nivṛttān tān saṃśaptaka
gaṇān dṛṣṭvā mahā ātmanam vāsudevam sam abhāṣata

1. Sañjaya said: Having seen those groups of Saṃśaptakas retreating again, Arjuna then addressed the great-souled (mahātman) Vāsudeva.

Words meanings summery:

• सञ्जय (sañjaya) - Sañjaya (Sañjaya (proper name))

• उवाच (uvāca) - spoke (he said, he spoke)

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

• तु (tu) - then, indeed (but, indeed, however)

• सम् (sam) - (prefix to nivṛttān) (together, completely)

• निवृत्तान् (nivṛttān) - retreating (turned back, retreated)

• तान् (tān) - those (groups) (those)

• संशप्तक (saṁśaptaka) - (of) Saṃśaptakas (sworn, bound by an oath)

• गणान् (gaṇān) - groups (of warriors) (groups, throngs)

• पुनः (punaḥ) - again (again, moreover)

• वासुदेवम् (vāsudevam) - Vāsudeva (Kṛṣṇa)

• महा (mahā) - great (great, large)

• आत्मनम् (ātmanam) - (great) soul/self (self, soul, spirit)

• अर्जुनः (arjunaḥ) - Arjuna (Arjuna (proper name))

• सम् (sam) - (prefix to abhāṣata) (together, with, completely)

• अभाषत (abhāṣata) - addressed (he spoke, he addressed)

Words meanings and morphology

सञ्जय (sañjaya) - Sañjaya (Sañjaya (proper name))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sañjaya

sañjaya - Sañjaya (charioteer of Dhṛtarāṣṭra)

Note: Subject of uvāca.

उवाच (uvāca) - spoke (he said, he spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect mood

3rd person singular, Parasmaipada. Root vac undergoes reduplication va-vac then u-vac.

Root: vac (class 2)

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

(indeclinable)

Absolutive/Gerund

From root dṛś + suffix tvā. ṛ becomes ṛṣ, ṣṭva.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Governs the objects tān saṃśaptakagaṇān.

तु (tu) - then, indeed (but, indeed, however)

(indeclinable)

Particle.

सम् (sam) - (prefix to nivṛttān) (together, completely)

(indeclinable)

prefix

निवृत्तान् (nivṛttān) - retreating (turned back, retreated)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of nivṛtta

nivṛtta - turned back, returned, retreated, ceased

Past Passive Participle

From ni-vṛt + kta suffix.

Prefix: ni

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Describes the state of the Saṃśaptakas.

तान् (tān) - those (groups) (those)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those, he, she, it, they

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Object of dṛṣṭvā.

संशप्तक (saṁśaptaka) - (of) Saṃśaptakas (sworn, bound by an oath)

(noun)

masculine, plural of saṃśaptaka

saṁśaptaka - one who has sworn a mutual oath (to conquer or die), a specific warrior group

From sam-śap (to swear together).

Root: śap (class 1)

Note: Part of compound saṃśaptakagaṇān.

गणान् (gaṇān) - groups (of warriors) (groups, throngs)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of gaṇa

gaṇa - host, troop, collection, group, multitude

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (saṃśaptaka+gaṇa)

• saṃśaptaka – one who has sworn a mutual oath (to conquer or die), a specific warrior group
  proper noun (masculine)
  Prefix: sam
  Root: śap (class 1)
• gaṇa – host, troop, collection, group, multitude
  noun (masculine)

Note: Object of dṛṣṭvā.

पुनः (punaḥ) - again (again, moreover)

(indeclinable)

Adverb.

वासुदेवम् (vāsudevam) - Vāsudeva (Kṛṣṇa)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vāsudeva

vāsudeva - Kṛṣṇa, son of Vasudeva

महा (mahā) - great (great, large)

(adjective)

of mahā

mahā - great, large, mighty, extensive

Often used as a prefix in compounds.

Note: Precedes ātmanam in the compound mahātmanam.

आत्मनम् (ātmanam) - (great) soul/self (self, soul, spirit)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ātman

ātman - self, soul, spirit, essence, ego (ātman)

n-stem noun.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mahā+ātman)

• mahā – great, large, mighty, extensive
  adjective
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, essence, ego (ātman)
  noun (masculine)

Note: Qualifies vāsudevam.

अर्जुनः (arjunaḥ) - Arjuna (Arjuna (proper name))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of arjuna

arjuna - Arjuna (a Pāṇḍava prince), white, silver

सम् (sam) - (prefix to abhāṣata) (together, with, completely)

(indeclinable)

prefix

अभाषत (abhāṣata) - addressed (he spoke, he addressed)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, past imperfect (laṅ) of bhāṣ

Imperfect mood

3rd person singular, Atmanepada, with augment a and prefix sam.

Prefix: sam

Root: bhāṣ (class 1)

Note: samabhāṣata is the full verb.