महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-107, verse-24

तदुद्धूतं बलं दृष्ट्व रथनागाश्वपत्तिमत् ।
भीमः कर्णं समासाद्य छादयामास सायकैः ॥२४॥

24. taduddhūtaṁ balaṁ dṛṣṭva rathanāgāśvapattimat ,
bhīmaḥ karṇaṁ samāsādya chādayāmāsa sāyakaiḥ.

24. tat uddhūtam balam dṛṣṭvā rathanāgāśvapattimat
bhīmaḥ karṇam samāsādya chādayām āsa sāyakaiḥ

24. bhīmaḥ rathanāgāśvapattimat tat uddhūtam balam
dṛṣṭvā karṇam samāsādya sāyakaiḥ chādayām āsa

24. Having seen that agitated army, which was comprised of chariots, elephants, horses, and infantry, Bhima approached Karna and overwhelmed him with arrows.

Words meanings summery:

• तत् (tat) - that (referring to the army) (that, therefore, then)

• उद्धूतम् (uddhūtam) - agitated, stirred up (agitated, shaken up, lifted up, stirred)

• बलम् (balam) - army (strength, force, army, power)

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

• रथनागाश्वपत्तिमत् (rathanāgāśvapattimat) - comprised of chariots, elephants, horses, and infantry (possessing chariots, elephants, horses, and infantry)

• भीमः (bhīmaḥ) - Bhima (terrible, dreadful; name of a Pandava hero)

• कर्णम् (karṇam) - Karna (Karna (name); ear)

• समासाद्य (samāsādya) - having approached (having reached, having approached, having obtained)

• छादयाम् (chādayām) - covering, overwhelming (covering, concealing)

• आस (āsa) - (he) made (to cover), (he) did (cover) (was, became)

• सायकैः (sāyakaiḥ) - with arrows (with arrows, by means of arrows)

Words meanings and morphology

तत् (tat) - that (referring to the army) (that, therefore, then)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, it, he, she

Note: Used as an adjective for 'balam'.

उद्धूतम् (uddhūtam) - agitated, stirred up (agitated, shaken up, lifted up, stirred)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of uddhūta

uddhūta - agitated, shaken, lifted, stirred

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root dhū (to shake, move) with prefix ud- (up, forth)

Prefix: ud

Root: dhū (class 1)

Note: Modifies 'balam'.

बलम् (balam) - army (strength, force, army, power)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of bala

bala - strength, force, army, power

Note: Object of 'dṛṣṭvā'.

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

(indeclinable)

Absolutive / Gerund

Derived from root dṛś (to see) with suffix -tvā

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Denotes prior action.

रथनागाश्वपत्तिमत् (rathanāgāśvapattimat) - comprised of chariots, elephants, horses, and infantry (possessing chariots, elephants, horses, and infantry)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of rathanāgāśvapattimat

rathanāgāśvapattimat - possessing chariots, elephants, horses, and infantry

Formed with matup suffix indicating possession.

Compound type : possessive (matup) over a copulative (dvandva) compound (ratha+nāga+aśva+patti)

• ratha – chariot
  noun (masculine)
• nāga – elephant, serpent
  noun (masculine)
• aśva – horse
  noun (masculine)
• patti – infantry, foot-soldier
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agrees with 'balam'.

भीमः (bhīmaḥ) - Bhima (terrible, dreadful; name of a Pandava hero)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhīma

bhīma - terrible, dreadful; Bhima (name)

Root: bhī

Note: Subject of the sentence.

कर्णम् (karṇam) - Karna (Karna (name); ear)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of karṇa

karṇa - Karna (name); ear

Note: Object of 'samāsādya' and 'chādayām āsa'.

समासाद्य (samāsādya) - having approached (having reached, having approached, having obtained)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive / Gerund

Derived from root sad (to sit, go) with prefixes sam- (together) and ā- (towards)

Prefixes: sam+ā

Root: sad (class 1)

Note: Denotes prior action.

छादयाम् (chādayām) - covering, overwhelming (covering, concealing)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of chādayā

chādayā - act of covering, causing to cover

Causal form leading to periphrastic perfect

From causal stem chādaya of root chad (to cover), then typically accusative singular.

Root: chad (class 10)

Note: Acts as the object for the auxiliary verb 'āsa' in a periphrastic perfect.

आस (āsa) - (he) made (to cover), (he) did (cover) (was, became)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (Lit) of as

Perfect tense, 3rd person singular

Irregular perfect tense formation.

Root: as (class 2)

Note: Auxiliary verb for the periphrastic perfect 'chādayām āsa'.

सायकैः (sāyakaiḥ) - with arrows (with arrows, by means of arrows)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of sāyaka

sāyaka - arrow, dart

From root si (to bind, cast) or sā (to finish).

Root: si / sā (class 4)

Note: Instrument by which Karna was covered.