महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-107, verse-17

ततो विस्फार्य सुमहद्धेमपृष्ठं दुरासदम् ।
चापं भरतशार्दूलस्त्यक्तात्मा कर्णमभ्ययात् ॥१७॥

17. tato visphārya sumahaddhemapṛṣṭhaṁ durāsadam ,
cāpaṁ bharataśārdūlastyaktātmā karṇamabhyayāt.

17. tataḥ visphārya sumahat hemapṛṣṭham durāsadam
cāpam bharataśārdūlaḥ tyaktātmā karṇam abhyayāt

17. tataḥ bharataśārdūlaḥ tyaktātmā sumahat hemapṛṣṭham
durāsadam cāpam visphārya karṇam abhyayāt

17. Then, the tiger among the Bharatas (Arjuna), having abandoned his self (ātman) [i.e., being reckless], twanged his very great, gold-backed, formidable bow and advanced towards Karna.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereupon, therefore, from that

• विस्फार्य (visphārya) - having twanged (the bow) (having stretched, having twanged)

• सुमहत् (sumahat) - very great, huge, mighty

• हेमपृष्ठम् (hemapṛṣṭham) - gold-backed, having a golden back

• दुरासदम् (durāsadam) - difficult to approach, inaccessible, formidable

• चापम् (cāpam) - bow

• भरतशार्दूलः (bharataśārdūlaḥ) - Arjuna (tiger among the Bharatas, best of the Bharatas)

• त्यक्तात्मा (tyaktātmā) - Arjuna, being reckless or ready to sacrifice himself (ātman) (having abandoned oneself, self-abandoning, reckless, sacrificing one's life (ātman))

• कर्णम् (karṇam) - Karna (proper name)

• अभ्ययात् (abhyayāt) - approached, advanced towards, went near

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereupon, therefore, from that

(indeclinable)

Note: Ablative of 'tad' used adverbially.

विस्फार्य (visphārya) - having twanged (the bow) (having stretched, having twanged)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

From root 'sphṛ' (to quiver, throb) with prefix 'vi', in causative form, then added 'lyaP' suffix.

Prefix: vi

Root: sphṛ (class 5)

सुमहत् (sumahat) - very great, huge, mighty

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sumahant

sumahant - very great, huge, mighty

From 'su' (good, very) + 'mahant' (great)

Compound type : karmadhāraya (su+mahant)

• su – good, well, very, excellent
  indeclinable
• mahant – great, large, mighty
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Qualifies 'cāpam'.

हेमपृष्ठम् (hemapṛṣṭham) - gold-backed, having a golden back

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of hemapṛṣṭha

hemapṛṣṭha - gold-backed, having a golden back

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (heman+pṛṣṭha)

• heman – gold
  noun (neuter)
• pṛṣṭha – back, surface, top
  noun (neuter)

Note: Qualifies 'cāpam'.

दुरासदम् (durāsadam) - difficult to approach, inaccessible, formidable

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of durāsada

durāsada - difficult to approach, inaccessible, formidable

From 'dur' (bad, difficult) + 'ā-sad' (to approach)

Compound type : prādi-tatpuruṣa (dur+āsada)

• dur – bad, difficult, hard
  indeclinable
• āsada – approaching, reaching
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from verbal root 'sad' with 'ā' prefix
  From 'ā-sad' (to approach). Formed with the suffix -a (ghañ) for action noun.
  Prefix: ā
  Root: sad (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'cāpam'.

चापम् (cāpam) - bow

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of cāpa

cāpa - bow

Note: The direct object of 'visphārya'.

भरतशार्दूलः (bharataśārdūlaḥ) - Arjuna (tiger among the Bharatas, best of the Bharatas)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bharataśārdūla

bharataśārdūla - tiger among the Bharatas, best of the Bharatas

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (bharata+śārdūla)

• bharata – a descendant of Bharata, a member of the Bharata clan
  noun (masculine)
  Root: bhṛ (class 1)
• śārdūla – tiger, best among
  noun (masculine)

Note: The subject of the sentence.

त्यक्तात्मा (tyaktātmā) - Arjuna, being reckless or ready to sacrifice himself (ātman) (having abandoned oneself, self-abandoning, reckless, sacrificing one's life (ātman))

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tyaktātman

tyaktātman - having abandoned oneself, self-abandoning, reckless

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (tyakta+ātman)

• tyakta – abandoned, forsaken, given up
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'tyaj' (to abandon) + -kta suffix.
  Root: tyaj (class 1)
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, essence, life
  noun (masculine)
  Root: an (class 2)

Note: Qualifies 'bharataśārdūlaḥ'.

कर्णम् (karṇam) - Karna (proper name)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of karṇa

karṇa - Karna (name of a prominent warrior in the Mahābhārata)

Note: The direct object of 'abhyayāt'.

अभ्ययात् (abhyayāt) - approached, advanced towards, went near

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of i

Imperfect, Active Voice

From root 'i' (to go) with prefixes 'abhi' (towards) and 'ā' (imperfect augment).

Prefix: abhi

Root: i (class 2)