महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-107, verse-1

धृतराष्ट्र उवाच ।
यस्मिञ्जयाशा सततं पुत्राणां मम संजय ।
तं दृष्ट्वा विमुखं संख्ये किं नु दुर्योधनोऽब्रवीत् ।
कर्णो वा समरे तात किमकार्षीदतः परम् ॥१॥

1. dhṛtarāṣṭra uvāca ,
yasmiñjayāśā satataṁ putrāṇāṁ mama saṁjaya ,
taṁ dṛṣṭvā vimukhaṁ saṁkhye kiṁ nu duryodhano'bravīt ,
karṇo vā samare tāta kimakārṣīdataḥ param.

1. dhṛtarāṣṭra uvāca yasmin jayāśā satatam
putrāṇām mama sañjaya tam dṛṣṭvā vimukham
saṅkhye kim nu duryodhanaḥ abravīt karṇaḥ
vā samare tāta kim akārṣīt ataḥ param

1. dhṛtarāṣṭra uvāca sañjaya mama putrāṇām
yasmin satatam jayāśā tam vimukham saṅkhye
dṛṣṭvā duryodhanaḥ kim nu abravīt vā
tāta karṇaḥ ataḥ param samare kim akārṣīt

1. Dhritarashtra said: "O Sañjaya, when my sons' constant hope for victory (jayāśā) was seen turning away in battle, what then did Duryodhana say? Or, O dear one, what did Karṇa do in battle after that?"

Words meanings summery:

• धृतराष्ट्र (dhṛtarāṣṭra) - Dhritarashtra

• उवाच (uvāca) - he said, spoke

• यस्मिन् (yasmin) - in whom, in which

• जयाशा (jayāśā) - hope for victory

• सततम् (satatam) - always, constantly, continually

• पुत्राणाम् (putrāṇām) - of the sons

• मम (mama) - my, of me

• सञ्जय (sañjaya) - O Sanjaya

• तम् (tam) - him, that (person)

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

• विमुखम् (vimukham) - averted, turning away, defeated, hostile

• सङ्ख्ये (saṅkhye) - in battle, in conflict

• किम् (kim) - what, why

• नु (nu) - now then, indeed, surely

• दुर्योधनः (duryodhanaḥ) - Duryodhana

• अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - he said, he spoke

• कर्णः (karṇaḥ) - Karna

• वा (vā) - or, either

• समरे (samare) - in battle, in war

• तात (tāta) - O dear one, O father, O son

• किम् (kim) - what

• अकार्षीत् (akārṣīt) - he did, he made

• अतः (ataḥ) - from this, thence, therefore, after this

• परम् (param) - after, beyond, subsequently

Words meanings and morphology

धृतराष्ट्र (dhṛtarāṣṭra) - Dhritarashtra

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhṛtarāṣṭra

dhṛtarāṣṭra - Dhritarashtra (Proper name, father of the Kauravas)

उवाच (uvāca) - he said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect tense, 3rd person singular, active voice

Root: vac (class 2)

यस्मिन् (yasmin) - in whom, in which

(pronoun)

Locative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

जयाशा (jayāśā) - hope for victory

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of jayāśā

jayāśā - hope of victory, expectation of conquest

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (jaya+āśā)

• jaya – victory, triumph
  noun (masculine)
• āśā – hope, expectation, desire
  noun (feminine)

सततम् (satatam) - always, constantly, continually

(indeclinable)

Note: Used adverbially

पुत्राणाम् (putrāṇām) - of the sons

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of putra

putra - son, child

मम (mama) - my, of me

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of aham

aham - I, me

सञ्जय (sañjaya) - O Sanjaya

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of sañjaya

sañjaya - Sanjaya (Proper name, Dhritarashtra's charioteer and narrator)

तम् (tam) - him, that (person)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

(indeclinable)

Absolutive

Derived from root 'dṛś'

Root: dṛś (class 1)

विमुखम् (vimukham) - averted, turning away, defeated, hostile

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vimukha

vimukha - having the face turned away, averted, hostile, defeated

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (vi+mukha)

• vi – apart, asunder, away
  indeclinable
  Prefix: vi
• mukha – face, mouth, front
  noun (neuter)

सङ्ख्ये (saṅkhye) - in battle, in conflict

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of saṅkhya

saṅkhya - battle, war, conflict

किम् (kim) - what, why

(indeclinable)

Note: Interrogative particle

नु (nu) - now then, indeed, surely

(indeclinable)

Note: Interrogative particle conveying emphasis or doubt

दुर्योधनः (duryodhanaḥ) - Duryodhana

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of duryodhana

duryodhana - Duryodhana (Proper name, eldest of the Kauravas)

अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - he said, he spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of vac

Imperfect tense, 3rd person singular, active voice

Root: vac (class 2)

कर्णः (karṇaḥ) - Karna

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of karṇa

karṇa - Karna (Proper name, a great warrior in the Mahabharata)

वा (vā) - or, either

(indeclinable)

समरे (samare) - in battle, in war

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of samara

samara - battle, war, conflict

तात (tāta) - O dear one, O father, O son

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of tāta

tāta - father, friend, son, dear one (term of endearment)

किम् (kim) - what

(indeclinable)

Note: Interrogative pronoun/particle

अकार्षीत् (akārṣīt) - he did, he made

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, aorist (luṅ) of kṛ

Aorist tense, 3rd person singular, active voice

Root: kṛ (class 8)

अतः (ataḥ) - from this, thence, therefore, after this

(indeclinable)

परम् (param) - after, beyond, subsequently

(indeclinable)

Note: Used adverbially to mean 'after' or 'subsequently'