महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-105, verse-22

ततो दुर्योधनः प्रायात्तूर्णमाचार्यशासनात् ।
उद्यम्यात्मानमुग्राय कर्मणे सपदानुगः ॥२२॥

22. tato duryodhanaḥ prāyāttūrṇamācāryaśāsanāt ,
udyamyātmānamugrāya karmaṇe sapadānugaḥ.

22. tataḥ Duryodhanaḥ prāyāt tūrṇam ācārya-śāsanāt
udyamya ātmānam ugrāya karmaṇe sapadānugaḥ

22. Duryodhanaḥ tataḥ ācārya-śāsanāt tūrṇam
sapadānugaḥ ātmānam ugrāya karmaṇe udyamya prāyāt

22. Then Duryodhana, by the command of the preceptor, quickly proceeded with his followers, having roused himself (ātman) for a fierce deed (karma).

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, afterwards (in sequence of events) (then, therefrom, from that, afterwards)

• दुर्योधनः (duryodhanaḥ) - Duryodhana, the eldest son of Dhṛtarāṣṭra (Duryodhana (proper name))

• प्रायात् (prāyāt) - proceeded (to face Arjuna) (went, proceeded, approached)

• तूर्णम् (tūrṇam) - quickly (quickly, swiftly, immediately)

• आचार्य-शासनात् (ācārya-śāsanāt) - by the command of the preceptor Droṇa (by the command of the preceptor)

• उद्यम्य (udyamya) - having roused (himself) (having lifted, having raised, having exerted, having roused)

• आत्मानम् (ātmānam) - himself (ātman) (self, soul, spirit, himself)

• उग्राय (ugrāya) - for a fierce (for the fierce, terrible, mighty, powerful)

• कर्मणे (karmaṇe) - for a deed (karma) (for action, deed, work, ritual)

• सपदानुगः (sapadānugaḥ) - with his followers (with followers, accompanied by foot-soldiers)

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then, afterwards (in sequence of events) (then, therefrom, from that, afterwards)

(indeclinable)

दुर्योधनः (duryodhanaḥ) - Duryodhana, the eldest son of Dhṛtarāṣṭra (Duryodhana (proper name))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of Duryodhana

Duryodhana - hard to conquer; proper name of the eldest Kaurava prince

Prefix: dur

Root: yudh (class 4)

प्रायात् (prāyāt) - proceeded (to face Arjuna) (went, proceeded, approached)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect past (laṅ) of pra-yā

Prefix: pra

Root: yā (class 2)

Note: Derived from pra-√yā, third person singular imperfect active.

तूर्णम् (tūrṇam) - quickly (quickly, swiftly, immediately)

(indeclinable)

past passive participle

From root tvar (to hasten)

Root: tvar (class 1)

Note: Adverbial form.

आचार्य-शासनात् (ācārya-śāsanāt) - by the command of the preceptor Droṇa (by the command of the preceptor)

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of ācārya-śāsana

ācārya-śāsana - command of the preceptor

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (ācārya+śāsana)

• ācārya – preceptor, teacher
  noun (masculine)
• śāsana – command, order, instruction, teaching
  noun (neuter)
  From root śās (to command, instruct)
  Root: śās (class 2)

उद्यम्य (udyamya) - having roused (himself) (having lifted, having raised, having exerted, having roused)

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund)

Formed with prefix ud- and root yam, ending in -ya

Prefix: ud

Root: yam (class 1)

आत्मानम् (ātmānam) - himself (ātman) (self, soul, spirit, himself)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ātman

ātman - self, soul, spirit, essence, principle of life (ātman)

Note: The direct object of udyamya.

उग्राय (ugrāya) - for a fierce (for the fierce, terrible, mighty, powerful)

(adjective)

Dative, neuter, singular of ugra

ugra - fierce, terrible, mighty, powerful, cruel

Note: Agrees with karmaṇe (neuter noun in dative singular).

कर्मणे (karmaṇe) - for a deed (karma) (for action, deed, work, ritual)

(noun)

Dative, neuter, singular of karman

karman - action, deed, work, ritual, fate (karma)

From root kṛ (to do, make)

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Specifies the purpose for which he roused himself.

सपदानुगः (sapadānugaḥ) - with his followers (with followers, accompanied by foot-soldiers)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sapadānuga

sapadānuga - accompanied by followers, having attendants, with foot-soldiers

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (sa+padānuga)

• sa – with, accompanied by
  indeclinable
• padānuga – follower, attendant (lit. going after footsteps)
  noun (masculine)
  From pada (foot) + anuga (following)
  Prefix: anu
  Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Qualifies Duryodhanaḥ.