महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-105, verse-11

द्रोण उवाच ।
चिन्त्यं बहु महाराज कृत्यं यत्तत्र मे शृणु ।
त्रयो हि समतिक्रान्ताः पाण्डवानां महारथाः ।
यावदेव भयं पश्चात्तावदेषां पुरःसरम् ॥११॥

11. droṇa uvāca ,
cintyaṁ bahu mahārāja kṛtyaṁ yattatra me śṛṇu ,
trayo hi samatikrāntāḥ pāṇḍavānāṁ mahārathāḥ ,
yāvadeva bhayaṁ paścāttāvadeṣāṁ puraḥsaram.

11. droṇaḥ uvāca | cintyam bahu mahārāja
kṛtyam yat tatra me śṛṇu | trayaḥ hi
samatikrāntāḥ pāṇḍavānām mahārathāḥ | yāvat
eva bhayam paścāt tāvat eṣām puraḥsaram

11. droṇaḥ uvāca mahārāja,
tatra yat kṛtyam (asti) bahu cintyam (asti) me śṛṇu trayaḥ mahārathāḥ pāṇḍavānām hi samatikrāntāḥ (tathāpi) yāvat eva bhayam paścāt tāvat eṣām puraḥsaram (asti)

11. Droṇa said: 'O great king, there is much to consider regarding the action that must be taken; listen to me. Indeed, three great warriors of the Pāṇḍavas have been defeated. Nevertheless, the danger from their front is as great as the fear caused by their rear forces.'

Words meanings summery:

• द्रोणः (droṇaḥ) - Droṇa, the preceptor (Droṇa)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• चिन्त्यम् (cintyam) - to be considered, to be thought about

• बहु (bahu) - much, many

• महाराज (mahārāja) - Addressed to Duryodhana (O great king)

• कृत्यम् (kṛtyam) - duty, action, what is to be done

• यत् (yat) - which, what

• तत्र (tatra) - there, in that matter

• मे (me) - to me, for me

• शृणु (śṛṇu) - listen, hear

• त्रयः (trayaḥ) - three

• हि (hi) - indeed, surely, for

• समतिक्रान्ताः (samatikrāntāḥ) - surpassed, overcome, defeated

• पाण्डवानाम् (pāṇḍavānām) - of the Pāṇḍavas

• महारथाः (mahārathāḥ) - great warriors, great chariot-fighters

• यावत् (yāvat) - as much as, as far as

• एव (eva) - only, indeed, just

• भयम् (bhayam) - fear, danger

• पश्चात् (paścāt) - behind, from behind

• तावत् (tāvat) - so much, so far, to that extent

• एषाम् (eṣām) - of the Pāṇḍavas (of these, of them)

• पुरःसरम् (puraḥsaram) - their vanguard (implying the danger from it) (vanguard, leading, going before)

Words meanings and morphology

द्रोणः (droṇaḥ) - Droṇa, the preceptor (Droṇa)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of droṇa

droṇa - Droṇa (proper name); a type of measure; a trough

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect tense form of the root vac

Root: vac (class 2)

चिन्त्यम् (cintyam) - to be considered, to be thought about

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of cintya

cintya - to be thought, to be considered, worthy of thought

Gerundive

Derived from root cit (causative cint) with suffix -ya

Root: cit (class 10)

बहु (bahu) - much, many

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of bahu

bahu - much, many, abundant

Note: Modifies 'cintyam'

महाराज (mahārāja) - Addressed to Duryodhana (O great king)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of mahārāja

mahārāja - great king

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+rāja)

• mahā – great, large
  adjective
• rāja – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)

कृत्यम् (kṛtyam) - duty, action, what is to be done

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kṛtya

kṛtya - what is to be done, duty, action

Gerundive

Derived from root kṛ with suffix -tya

Root: kṛ (class 8)

यत् (yat) - which, what

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yat

yat - which, what

तत्र (tatra) - there, in that matter

(indeclinable)

मे (me) - to me, for me

(pronoun)

Dative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me, my

Note: Enclitic form, synonymous with mama/mayā

शृणु (śṛṇu) - listen, hear

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of śru

Root: śru (class 5)

त्रयः (trayaḥ) - three

(numeral)

हि (hi) - indeed, surely, for

(indeclinable)

समतिक्रान्ताः (samatikrāntāḥ) - surpassed, overcome, defeated

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, plural of samatikrānta

samatikrānta - surpassed, overcome, passed beyond

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root kram with prefixes sam and ati

Prefixes: sam+ati

Root: kram (class 1)

पाण्डवानाम् (pāṇḍavānām) - of the Pāṇḍavas

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of pāṇḍava

pāṇḍava - descendant of Pāṇḍu, son of Pāṇḍu

महारथाः (mahārathāḥ) - great warriors, great chariot-fighters

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of mahāratha

mahāratha - a great warrior, one who can fight ten thousand warriors from a single chariot

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+ratha)

• mahā – great, large
  adjective
• ratha – chariot; a warrior who fights from a chariot
  noun (masculine)

यावत् (yāvat) - as much as, as far as

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - only, indeed, just

(indeclinable)

भयम् (bhayam) - fear, danger

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of bhaya

bhaya - fear, terror, danger

पश्चात् (paścāt) - behind, from behind

(indeclinable)

तावत् (tāvat) - so much, so far, to that extent

(indeclinable)

एषाम् (eṣām) - of the Pāṇḍavas (of these, of them)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of etad

etad - this, these, them

पुरःसरम् (puraḥsaram) - their vanguard (implying the danger from it) (vanguard, leading, going before)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of puraḥsara

puraḥsara - going before, vanguard, leading

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (puras+sara)

• puras – before, in front, eastward
  indeclinable
• sara – moving, going, running
  adjective (masculine)
  Derived from root sṛ
  Root: sṛ (class 1)

Note: Implied predicate, parallel to 'bhayam'