महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-105, verse-1

संजय उवाच ।
तस्मिन्विलुलिते सैन्ये सैन्धवायार्जुने गते ।
सात्वते भीमसेने च पुत्रस्ते द्रोणमभ्ययात् ।
त्वरन्नेकरथेनैव बहुकृत्यं विचिन्तयन् ॥१॥

1. saṁjaya uvāca ,
tasminvilulite sainye saindhavāyārjune gate ,
sātvate bhīmasene ca putraste droṇamabhyayāt ,
tvarannekarathenaiva bahukṛtyaṁ vicintayan.

1. sañjaya uvāca tasmin vilulite sainye
saindhavāya arjune gate sātvate bhīmasene
ca putraḥ te droṇam abhyayāt tvaran
eka-rathena eva bahu-kṛtyam vicintayan

1. sañjaya uvāca.
tasmin sainye vilulite,
arjune saindhavāya gate,
ca sātvate bhīmasene (kṛtavatīṣu),
te putraḥ bahu-kṛtyam vicintayan tvaran eka-rathena eva droṇam abhyayāt.

1. Sañjaya said: When Arjuna had gone to confront Jayadratha (Saindhava), and the army was in disarray, and Sātyaki and Bhīmasena were (occupied elsewhere), your son (Duryodhana), contemplating many urgent tasks, hurried in a single chariot towards Droṇa.

Words meanings summery:

• सञ्जय (sañjaya) - Sañjaya (name of Dhṛtarāṣṭra's charioteer)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• तस्मिन् (tasmin) - in that, on that

• विलुलिते (vilulite) - disarranged, scattered, agitated

• सैन्ये (sainye) - in the army, when the army

• सैन्धवाय (saindhavāya) - towards Jayadratha, for Jayadratha

• अर्जुने (arjune) - when Arjuna

• गते (gate) - having gone, gone

• सात्वते (sātvate) - when Sātyaki (descendant of Sātvata)

• भीमसेने (bhīmasene) - when Bhīmasena

• च (ca) - and

• पुत्रः (putraḥ) - your son, Duryodhana (son)

• ते (te) - your, to you

• द्रोणम् (droṇam) - Droṇa (name of a preceptor), a measure

• अभ्ययात् (abhyayāt) - went towards, approached

• त्वरन् (tvaran) - hurrying, hastening

• एक-रथेन (eka-rathena) - with a single chariot

• एव (eva) - indeed, only, just

• बहु-कृत्यम् (bahu-kṛtyam) - many tasks, much to do

• विचिन्तयन् (vicintayan) - thinking, contemplating, pondering

Words meanings and morphology

सञ्जय (sañjaya) - Sañjaya (name of Dhṛtarāṣṭra's charioteer)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sañjaya

sañjaya - Sañjaya (name), victorious

Note: Subject of `uvāca`.

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: 3rd person singular perfect active.

तस्मिन् (tasmin) - in that, on that

(pronoun)

Locative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, it

Note: Part of locative absolute construction `tasmin vilulite sainye`.

विलुलिते (vilulite) - disarranged, scattered, agitated

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of vilulita

vilulita - disarranged, scattered, agitated

past passive participle

Past passive participle of `vi-lul` (to scatter, disarrange).

Prefix: vi

Root: lul (class 1)

Note: Past passive participle, part of locative absolute.

सैन्ये (sainye) - in the army, when the army

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of sainya

sainya - army, host

Derived from `senā`.

Note: Part of locative absolute construction.

सैन्धवाय (saindhavāya) - towards Jayadratha, for Jayadratha

(proper noun)

Dative, masculine, singular of saindhava

saindhava - Jayadratha (king of Sindhu), belonging to Sindhu

Derived from `sindhu` (Indus region).

Note: Dative of purpose or motion towards.

अर्जुने (arjune) - when Arjuna

(proper noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of arjuna

arjuna - Arjuna (name), white, silver

Note: Part of locative absolute construction.

गते (gate) - having gone, gone

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of gata

gata - gone, arrived, reached

past passive participle

Past passive participle of root `gam` (to go).

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Past passive participle, part of locative absolute.

सात्वते (sātvate) - when Sātyaki (descendant of Sātvata)

(proper noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of sātvata

sātvata - Sātyaki (descendant of Sātvata), belonging to the Sātvata clan

Patronymic from Sātvata.

Note: Part of locative absolute construction, implying 'while Sātyaki was engaged'.

भीमसेने (bhīmasene) - when Bhīmasena

(proper noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of bhīmasena

bhīmasena - Bhīmasena (name of a Pāṇḍava brother)

Compound of `bhīma` (terrible) and `senā` (army).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (bhīma+senā)

• bhīma – terrible, formidable
  adjective (masculine)
• senā – army, host
  noun (feminine)

Note: Part of locative absolute construction, implying 'while Bhīmasena was engaged'.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction.

पुत्रः (putraḥ) - your son, Duryodhana (son)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of putra

putra - son

Note: Subject of `abhyayāt`.

ते (te) - your, to you

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Note: Genitive singular, 'your'.

द्रोणम् (droṇam) - Droṇa (name of a preceptor), a measure

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of droṇa

droṇa - Droṇa (name), a type of vessel/measure

Note: Object of motion with `abhyayāt`.

अभ्ययात् (abhyayāt) - went towards, approached

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of i

Prefixes: abhi+ā

Root: i (class 2)

Note: 3rd person singular imperfect active of `abhi-ā-i`.

त्वरन् (tvaran) - hurrying, hastening

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tvarat

tvarat - hurrying, quick

present active participle

Present active participle of root `tvar` (to hurry).

Root: tvar (class 1)

Note: Present active participle, nominative singular, agreeing with `putraḥ`.

एक-रथेन (eka-rathena) - with a single chariot

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of eka-ratha

eka-ratha - single chariot

Compound type : karmadhāraya (eka+ratha)

• eka – one, single
  numeral (masculine)
• ratha – chariot
  noun (masculine)
  Root: ram (class 1)

Note: Instrumental case.

एव (eva) - indeed, only, just

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphasizes the single chariot.

बहु-कृत्यम् (bahu-kṛtyam) - many tasks, much to do

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of bahu-kṛtya

bahu-kṛtya - many tasks, much to be done

Compound type : karmadhāraya (bahu+kṛtya)

• bahu – many, much
  adjective (neuter)
• kṛtya – duty, task, what should be done
  noun (neuter)
  gerundive
  Gerundive of root `kṛ` (to do).
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Object of `vicintayan`.

विचिन्तयन् (vicintayan) - thinking, contemplating, pondering

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vicintayat

vicintayat - thinking, contemplating, pondering

present active participle

Present active participle of `vi-cint` (to think, consider).

Prefix: vi

Root: cit (class 10)

Note: Present active participle, nominative singular, agreeing with `putraḥ`.