महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-100, verse-4

कथं च युध्यमानानामपक्रान्तो महात्मनाम् ।
एको बहूनां शैनेयस्तन्ममाचक्ष्व संजय ॥४॥

4. kathaṁ ca yudhyamānānāmapakrānto mahātmanām ,
eko bahūnāṁ śaineyastanmamācakṣva saṁjaya.

4. katham ca yudhyamānānām apakrāntaḥ mahātmanām
ekaḥ bahūnām śaineyaḥ tat mama ācakṣva sañjaya

4. sañjaya,
ca katham mahātmanām yudhyamānānām bahūnām ekaḥ śaineyaḥ tat apakrāntaḥ,
mama ācakṣva

4. And how did that Śaineya, alone, escape from the many great-souled warriors (ātman) who were fighting? Tell me this, O Sañjaya.

Words meanings summery:

• कथम् (katham) - how, why, in what manner

• च (ca) - and, also, moreover

• युध्यमानानाम् (yudhyamānānām) - of those who were fighting, of the combatants

• अपक्रान्तः (apakrāntaḥ) - escaped, retreated, gone away

• महात्मनाम् (mahātmanām) - of the great-souled ones, of the noble ones

• एकः (ekaḥ) - one, a single one, alone

• बहूनाम् (bahūnām) - of many, of numerous ones

• शैनेयः (śaineyaḥ) - Śaineya (another name for Sātyaki)

• तत् (tat) - that, this

• मम (mama) - to me, my

• आचक्ष्व (ācakṣva) - tell, relate, describe

• सञ्जय (sañjaya) - O Sañjaya (vocative)

Words meanings and morphology

कथम् (katham) - how, why, in what manner

(indeclinable)

च (ca) - and, also, moreover

(indeclinable)

युध्यमानानाम् (yudhyamānānām) - of those who were fighting, of the combatants

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of yudhyamāna

yudhyamāna - fighting, battling, waging war

Present Middle Participle

Derived from root yudh in middle voice

Root: yudh (class 4)

अपक्रान्तः (apakrāntaḥ) - escaped, retreated, gone away

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of apakrānta

apakrānta - gone away, retreated, escaped

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root kram with upasargas apa and pra

Prefixes: apa+pra

Root: kram (class 1)

महात्मनाम् (mahātmanām) - of the great-souled ones, of the noble ones

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of mahātman

mahātman - great-souled, noble, magnanimous (mahātmā)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mahā+ātman)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective (feminine)
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, the individual self (ātman)
  noun (masculine)

एकः (ekaḥ) - one, a single one, alone

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of eka

eka - one, a single, unique, sole

बहूनाम् (bahūnām) - of many, of numerous ones

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of bahu

bahu - much, many, abundant

शैनेयः (śaineyaḥ) - Śaineya (another name for Sātyaki)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śaineya

śaineya - Śaineya (son of Śini, a patronymic for Sātyaki)

Derived from Śini

तत् (tat) - that, this

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, this, it

मम (mama) - to me, my

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me

आचक्ष्व (ācakṣva) - tell, relate, describe

(verb)

2nd person , singular, middle, imperative (loṭ) of ācakṣ

Imperative Middle

Derived from root cakṣ with upasarga ā

Prefix: ā

Root: cakṣ (class 2)

सञ्जय (sañjaya) - O Sañjaya (vocative)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of sañjaya

sañjaya - Sañjaya (name of Dhṛtarāṣṭra's charioteer and narrator)