महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-100, verse-33

तस्य तान्निघ्नतः शत्रून्हेमपृष्ठं महद्धनुः ।
भल्लाभ्यां पाण्डवो ज्येष्ठस्त्रिधा चिच्छेद मारिष ॥३३॥

33. tasya tānnighnataḥ śatrūnhemapṛṣṭhaṁ mahaddhanuḥ ,
bhallābhyāṁ pāṇḍavo jyeṣṭhastridhā ciccheda māriṣa.

33. tasya tān nighnataḥ śatrūn hema-pṛṣṭham mahat dhanuḥ
bhallābhyām pāṇḍavaḥ jyeṣṭhaḥ tridhā ciccheda māriṣa

33. māriṣa tasya tān śatrūn nighnataḥ jyeṣṭhaḥ pāṇḍavaḥ
bhallābhyām hema-pṛṣṭham mahat dhanuḥ tridhā ciccheda

33. O venerable one, as that (warrior) was striking down those enemies, the eldest Pāṇḍava (Yudhiṣṭhira) cut his great, gold-backed bow into three pieces with two broad-headed arrows.

Words meanings summery:

• तस्य (tasya) - of the warrior described in previous verses (his, of him)

• तान् (tān) - those enemies (those)

• निघ्नतः (nighnataḥ) - while he (the warrior) was striking down (the enemies) (striking down, killing)

• शत्रून् (śatrūn) - enemies, foes

• हेम-पृष्ठम् (hema-pṛṣṭham) - gold-backed, with a golden back

• महत् (mahat) - great, large, mighty

• धनुः (dhanuḥ) - bow

• भल्लाभ्याम् (bhallābhyām) - with two broad-headed arrows

• पाण्डवः (pāṇḍavaḥ) - one of the five Pāṇḍava brothers (e.g. Yudhiṣṭhira, Bhīma, Arjuna, Nakula, Sahadeva) (a descendant of Pāṇḍu)

• ज्येष्ठः (jyeṣṭhaḥ) - the eldest (son) of Pāṇḍu, i.e., Yudhiṣṭhira (eldest, greatest, best)

• त्रिधा (tridhā) - in three parts, in three ways

• चिच्छेद (ciccheda) - he cut, he broke

• मारिष (māriṣa) - A respectful address by a narrator to an audience or interlocutor. (O venerable one, O respected one)

Words meanings and morphology

तस्य (tasya) - of the warrior described in previous verses (his, of him)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the subject of the previous verse, the one wielding the bow.

तान् (tān) - those enemies (those)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

Note: Refers to the enemies mentioned in previous verses.

निघ्नतः (nighnataḥ) - while he (the warrior) was striking down (the enemies) (striking down, killing)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of nighnat

han - to strike, to kill, to destroy

Present Active Participle

Root han (class 2), with prefix ni-. Present active participle, masculine genitive singular, irregularly formed stem nighna-.

Prefix: ni

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Agrees with tasya, indicating a contemporaneous action.

शत्रून् (śatrūn) - enemies, foes

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of śatru

śatru - enemy, foe, adversary

Note: Object of nighnataḥ.

हेम-पृष्ठम् (hema-pṛṣṭham) - gold-backed, with a golden back

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of hema-pṛṣṭha

hema-pṛṣṭha - having a gold back or golden surface

Compound type : bahuvrihi (hema+pṛṣṭha)

• hema – gold
  noun (neuter)
• pṛṣṭha – back, surface, top
  noun (neuter)

Note: Agrees with dhanuḥ.

महत् (mahat) - great, large, mighty

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of mahat

mahat - great, large, mighty, considerable

Note: Agrees with dhanuḥ.

धनुः (dhanuḥ) - bow

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of dhanus

dhanus - bow, arc

Note: Subject of ciccheda.

भल्लाभ्याम् (bhallābhyām) - with two broad-headed arrows

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, dual of bhalla

bhalla - a broad-headed arrow

Note: Instrument by which the bow was cut.

पाण्डवः (pāṇḍavaḥ) - one of the five Pāṇḍava brothers (e.g. Yudhiṣṭhira, Bhīma, Arjuna, Nakula, Sahadeva) (a descendant of Pāṇḍu)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pāṇḍava

pāṇḍava - descendant of Pāṇḍu, son of Pāṇḍu

Patronymic from Pāṇḍu

Note: Subject of ciccheda.

ज्येष्ठः (jyeṣṭhaḥ) - the eldest (son) of Pāṇḍu, i.e., Yudhiṣṭhira (eldest, greatest, best)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jyeṣṭha

jyeṣṭha - eldest, oldest, greatest, best, chief

Superlative of vṛddha (old)

Note: Agrees with pāṇḍavaḥ.

त्रिधा (tridhā) - in three parts, in three ways

(indeclinable)

From tri (three) with suffix -dhā (indicating manner or division)

Note: Adverbial particle indicating division.

चिच्छेद (ciccheda) - he cut, he broke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of chid

Perfect Active

Root chid (class 7, but here perfect form). Perfect 3rd person singular.

Root: chid (class 7)

मारिष (māriṣa) - A respectful address by a narrator to an audience or interlocutor. (O venerable one, O respected one)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of māriṣa

māriṣa - venerable one, respectable sir, a title of respect

Note: Used in direct address.