महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-100, verse-27

दुर्योधनेन सहसा पाण्डवी पृतना रणे ।
नलिनी द्विरदेनेव समन्ताद्विप्रलोडिता ॥२७॥

27. duryodhanena sahasā pāṇḍavī pṛtanā raṇe ,
nalinī dviradeneva samantādvipraloḍitā.

27. duryodhanena sahasā pāṇḍavī pṛtanā raṇe
nalinī dviradena iva samantāt vipraloḍitā

27. raṇe pāṇḍavī pṛtanā duryodhanena sahasā
nalinī dviradena iva samantāt vipraloḍitā

27. The Pāṇḍava army in battle was suddenly and completely thrown into confusion by Duryodhana, just as a lotus pond is churned by an elephant.

Words meanings summery:

• दुर्योधनेन (duryodhanena) - by Duryodhana

• सहसा (sahasā) - suddenly, forcefully, quickly

• पाण्डवी (pāṇḍavī) - Qualifies 'pṛtanā'. (Pāṇḍava, belonging to the Pāṇḍavas)

• पृतना (pṛtanā) - Subject of the sentence, the army that was disrupted. (army, host)

• रणे (raṇe) - Indicates the location of the action. (in battle, in the war)

• नलिनी (nalinī) - Part of the simile, the object being churned. (a lotus pond, lotus)

• द्विरदेन (dviradena) - Agent in the simile, compares Duryodhana to an elephant. (by an elephant)

• इव (iva) - like, as, as if

• समन्तात् (samantāt) - all around, on all sides, completely

• विप्रलोडिता (vipraloḍitā) - Describes the state of the army and the lotus pond. (agitated, churned, thrown into confusion)

Words meanings and morphology

दुर्योधनेन (duryodhanena) - by Duryodhana

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of duryodhana

duryodhana - Duryodhana (name of the eldest Kaurava prince)

Note: Agent of the action 'vipraloḍitā'.

सहसा (sahasā) - suddenly, forcefully, quickly

(indeclinable)

Derived from 'sahas' (force, power).

Note: Adverb modifying the action of disrupting.

पाण्डवी (pāṇḍavī) - Qualifies 'pṛtanā'. (Pāṇḍava, belonging to the Pāṇḍavas)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of pāṇḍava

pāṇḍava - descendant of Pāṇḍu

Feminine form of the adjective 'pāṇḍava'.

पृतना (pṛtanā) - Subject of the sentence, the army that was disrupted. (army, host)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of pṛtanā

pṛtanā - army, host, battle array

रणे (raṇe) - Indicates the location of the action. (in battle, in the war)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of raṇa

raṇa - battle, combat, war

नलिनी (nalinī) - Part of the simile, the object being churned. (a lotus pond, lotus)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of nalinī

nalinī - lotus plant, lotus pond

Derived from 'nalina' (lotus).

द्विरदेन (dviradena) - Agent in the simile, compares Duryodhana to an elephant. (by an elephant)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of dvirada

dvirada - elephant (lit. 'two-tusked')

Compound type : bahuvrihi (dvi+rada)

• dvi – two
  numeral
• rada – tooth, tusk
  noun (masculine)
  Root: rad (class 1)

इव (iva) - like, as, as if

(indeclinable)

समन्तात् (samantāt) - all around, on all sides, completely

(indeclinable)

Ablative form used adverbially.

Note: Adverb modifying 'vipraloḍitā'.

विप्रलोडिता (vipraloḍitā) - Describes the state of the army and the lotus pond. (agitated, churned, thrown into confusion)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of vipraloḍita

vipraloḍita - agitated, disturbed, churned, thrown into confusion

past passive participle

Past passive participle from root 'luḍ' with prefixes 'vi' and 'pra'. Feminine singular nominative.

Prefixes: vi+pra

Root: luḍ (class 1)