महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-100, verse-1

धृतराष्ट्र उवाच ।
किं तस्यां मम सेनायां नासन्केचिन्महारथाः ।
ये तथा सात्यकिं यान्तं नैवाघ्नन्नाप्यवारयन् ॥१॥

1. dhṛtarāṣṭra uvāca ,
kiṁ tasyāṁ mama senāyāṁ nāsankecinmahārathāḥ ,
ye tathā sātyakiṁ yāntaṁ naivāghnannāpyavārayan.

1. dhṛtarāṣṭra uvāca | kim tasyām
mama senāyām na āsan kecit
mahārathāḥ | ye tathā sātyakim yāntam
na eva aghnan na api avārayan

1. dhṛtarāṣṭra uvāca: kim tasyām mama senāyām kecit mahārathāḥ na āsan,
ye tathā yāntam sātyakim na eva aghnan na api avārayan?

1. Dhṛtarāṣṭra said: 'How is it that there were no great charioteers in my army who would neither attack Sātyaki as he was going nor stop him?'

Words meanings summery:

• धृतराष्ट्र (dhṛtarāṣṭra) - Dhṛtarāṣṭra (name of the blind king)

• उवाच (uvāca) - he said, he spoke

• किम् (kim) - how is it that, why (what, why, how)

• तस्याम् (tasyām) - in that (my army) (in that, in her)

• मम (mama) - my, of me

• सेनायाम् (senāyām) - in the army

• न (na) - not, no

• आसन् (āsan) - were (there) (they were)

• केचित् (kecit) - some, certain ones

• महारथाः (mahārathāḥ) - great charioteers, mighty warriors

• ये (ye) - who, those who

• तथा (tathā) - thus, so, in that manner

• सात्यकिम् (sātyakim) - Sātyaki

• यान्तम् (yāntam) - as he was going (going, moving)

• न (na) - not, no

• एव (eva) - indeed, certainly, only

• अघ्नन् (aghnan) - they attacked (here, with 'na', 'did not attack') (they struck, they killed)

• न (na) - not, no

• अपि (api) - nor even (also, even, too)

• अवारयन् (avārayan) - (they) stopped (him) (they stopped, they prevented, they warded off)

Words meanings and morphology

धृतराष्ट्र (dhṛtarāṣṭra) - Dhṛtarāṣṭra (name of the blind king)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhṛtarāṣṭra

dhṛtarāṣṭra - Dhṛtarāṣṭra (name of the blind king of Hastinapura)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dhṛta+rāṣṭra)

• dhṛta – held, borne, maintained
  participle
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'dhṛ' (to hold)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• rāṣṭra – kingdom, realm, country
  noun (neuter)

उवाच (uvāca) - he said, he spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

perfect tense

reduplicated perfect form of root 'vac'

Root: vac (class 2)

किम् (kim) - how is it that, why (what, why, how)

(indeclinable)

Note: Interrogative particle expressing surprise or dismay.

तस्याम् (tasyām) - in that (my army) (in that, in her)

(pronoun)

Locative, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to 'senāyām'.

मम (mama) - my, of me

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of aham

aham - I

सेनायाम् (senāyām) - in the army

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of senā

senā - army, host, battle array

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

आसन् (āsan) - were (there) (they were)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, imperfect (laṅ) of as

imperfect tense

imperfect form of root 'as'

Root: as (class 2)

Note: Used with 'na' to form 'were not'.

केचित् (kecit) - some, certain ones

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kicit

kicit - some, any, certain

महारथाः (mahārathāḥ) - great charioteers, mighty warriors

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of mahāratha

mahāratha - great charioteer, mighty warrior (one who can fight 10,000 warriors simultaneously)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (mahā+ratha)

• mahā – great, mighty
  adjective
• ratha – chariot, warrior (in chariot)
  noun (masculine)

ये (ye) - who, those who

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of yad

yad - who, which, what

Note: Refers to 'mahārathāḥ'.

तथा (tathā) - thus, so, in that manner

(indeclinable)

सात्यकिम् (sātyakim) - Sātyaki

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sātyaki

sātyaki - Sātyaki (a Vṛṣṇi hero)

यान्तम् (yāntam) - as he was going (going, moving)

(participle)

Accusative, masculine, singular of yā

yā - to go, to move, to proceed

present active participle

root 'yā', present participle, accusative singular masculine

Root: yā (class 2)

Note: Agrees with 'sātyakim'.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - indeed, certainly, only

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic.

अघ्नन् (aghnan) - they attacked (here, with 'na', 'did not attack') (they struck, they killed)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, imperfect (laṅ) of han

imperfect tense

imperfect form of root 'han', with augment 'a'

Root: han (class 2)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

अपि (api) - nor even (also, even, too)

(indeclinable)

Note: With 'na', forms 'nor even'.

अवारयन् (avārayan) - (they) stopped (him) (they stopped, they prevented, they warded off)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, imperfect (laṅ) of vṛ

imperfect tense

imperfect form of root 'vṛ' with upasarga 'ava', causative stem, augment 'a'

Prefix: ava

Root: vṛ (class 5)