महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-100, verse-28

तथा सेनां कृतां दृष्ट्वा तव पुत्रेण कौरव ।
भीमसेनपुरोगास्तं पाञ्चालाः समुपाद्रवन् ॥२८॥

28. tathā senāṁ kṛtāṁ dṛṣṭvā tava putreṇa kaurava ,
bhīmasenapurogāstaṁ pāñcālāḥ samupādravan.

28. tathā senām kṛtām dṛṣṭvā tava putreṇa kaurava
bhīmasenapurogāḥ tam pāñcālāḥ samupādravan

28. kaurava tava putreṇa tathā kṛtām senām dṛṣṭvā
bhīmasenapurogāḥ pāñcālāḥ tam samupādravan

28. O Kaurava, seeing the army thus devastated by your son, the Pāñcālas, led by Bhīmasena, rushed upon him.

Words meanings summery:

• तथा (tathā) - Refers to the state of disruption described in the previous verse. (thus, so, in that manner)

• सेनाम् (senām) - army, host

• कृताम् (kṛtām) - Describes the state of the army, implying it was 'dealt with' or 'devastated'. (made, done, treated, devastated)

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - The action performed by the Pāñcālas before they rushed. (having seen)

• तव (tava) - Refers to Dhritarashtra. (your, of you)

• पुत्रेण (putreṇa) - Agent of the action 'kṛtām'. (by the son)

• कौरव (kaurava) - Addressing Dhritarashtra. (O Kaurava, O descendant of Kuru)

• भीमसेनपुरोगाः (bhīmasenapurogāḥ) - Qualifies 'pāñcālāḥ'. (having Bhīmasena as their leader, led by Bhīmasena)

• तम् (tam) - Refers to Duryodhana (your son). (him, that (masc. acc. sing.))

• पाञ्चालाः (pāñcālāḥ) - Subject of the verb 'samupādravan'. (the Pāñcālas (people from Pañcāla kingdom))

• समुपाद्रवन् (samupādravan) - Describes the action of the Pāñcālas. (they rushed upon, they attacked)

Words meanings and morphology

तथा (tathā) - Refers to the state of disruption described in the previous verse. (thus, so, in that manner)

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverb modifying 'kṛtām'.

सेनाम् (senām) - army, host

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of senā

senā - army, host, battle array

Note: Object of the gerund 'dṛṣṭvā'.

कृताम् (kṛtām) - Describes the state of the army, implying it was 'dealt with' or 'devastated'. (made, done, treated, devastated)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of kṛta

kṛta - made, done, performed, treated

past passive participle

Past passive participle from root 'kṛ'. Feminine singular accusative.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Agrees with 'senām'.

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - The action performed by the Pāñcālas before they rushed. (having seen)

(indeclinable)

absolutive/gerund

Indeclinable past participle (absolutive/gerund). Indicates an action completed before the main verb.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

तव (tava) - Refers to Dhritarashtra. (your, of you)

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

पुत्रेण (putreṇa) - Agent of the action 'kṛtām'. (by the son)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of putra

putra - son, child

कौरव (kaurava) - Addressing Dhritarashtra. (O Kaurava, O descendant of Kuru)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of kaurava

kaurava - descendant of Kuru, belonging to the Kurus

Derived from Kuru, often used as an address for prominent figures in the Kuru lineage.

भीमसेनपुरोगाः (bhīmasenapurogāḥ) - Qualifies 'pāñcālāḥ'. (having Bhīmasena as their leader, led by Bhīmasena)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of bhīmasenapuroga

bhīmasenapuroga - having Bhīmasena as their leader, led by Bhīmasena

Compound type : bahuvrihi (bhīmasena+puroga)

• bhīmasena – Bhīmasena (name of a Pāṇḍava brother)
  proper noun (masculine)
• puroga – going before, leading, leader
  adjective (masculine)
  From 'puras' (before) + 'ga' (going).
  Prefix: puras
  Root: gam (class 1)

तम् (tam) - Refers to Duryodhana (your son). (him, that (masc. acc. sing.))

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

पाञ्चालाः (pāñcālāḥ) - Subject of the verb 'samupādravan'. (the Pāñcālas (people from Pañcāla kingdom))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of pāñcāla

pāñcāla - belonging to the Pañcāla country/people, a king of Pañcāla, the Pañcāla people

समुपाद्रवन् (samupādravan) - Describes the action of the Pāñcālas. (they rushed upon, they attacked)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of dram

imperfect active

Imperfect tense, 3rd person plural, active voice. With prefixes 'sam', 'upa', 'ā'.

Prefixes: sam+upa+ā

Root: dram (class 1)